They're saying that if the two are statistically indistinguishable, "there's no benefit to forcing staff to work long hours" is a 'better' way of phrasing it compared to "there's no benefit to not forcing staff to work long hours". The first implies that being good to your workers should be the default choice; the second the opposite.

You can have nurses scrub in and assist directly with the surgery as the other redditor said.

Also some hospitals will employ surgical technologist “scrub techs” who help the surgeons manage instrumentation and sterile equipment but these techs will not be nurses themselves. The nurses in these cases will just be circulators who document and grab extra supplies and generally keep the room running smoothly.

At my hospital we have several nurses who were originally surg techs and have kept up their credentials. They’ll sub in when needed but we typically have separate scrub techs and circulator nurses.

How does standard Economics model the economies of authoritarian nations, like Russia, Iran and China, or nations in war like the Ukraine? Are those models useful?

You might think I was referring to some of the NEJM papers that came out around 2018 comparing standard to “flexible” scheduling?

I was more talking about the older papers that came out in the first decade of the 2000s when duty hour restrictions first came into place... which compared old-school scheduling to duty-hour restrictions and found no difference in patient outcomes (or occasionally worse patient outcomes with restrictions in some of the surgical literature).

Main issue I see if you have someone step in they need to know exactly what has happened and what's next. Problem is making sure all the info would be passed. Which is easier to happen that most people think

Unfortunately, we’ve learned that continuity of care is better for patient outcomes in practically all scenarios compared to physician rest. Handovers may occasionally result in loss of information leading to poor outcomes which is just the nature of switching hands.

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I work in surgery as an x-ray tech. Vascular surgery and cardiac to be exact. There are a total of 8-12 people involved in our cases. X-ray, crna, attending, residents, fellows, research team, reps of the devices, circulating nurse, scrub tech, additional scrub/nurse. The anesthesia team gets breaks since they monitor the patients status non stop. The physicians do not get breaks if alone but some work as a two doc system. They don't leave the resident alone with the fellows. It's a teaching hospital. I work in 4-6 hour surgical cases daily in a level 3 trauma center. We have 46 OR rooms crazy right?

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Wonder how much the surgery death rate and success rate would change if they didn't do this.

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Could you explain the difference? Are you familiar with the studies being referenced? I am familiar with how the null hypothesis works, if that helps.

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What are the basics of being able to read and understand Hebrew?

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I cut my onions as small as I possibly can. I basically slice the onion to 1/8 inch (or smaller) then dice them as small as I can. This makes them caramelize faster and then I add butter and scramble the eggs. The small onion chunks blend in with the eggs and taste amazing.

IIRC the Navy did a couple studies after a rash of collisions and other ship casualties. The net result was to shorten the shifts in certain critical command/control positions - Officer of the Deck, Navigator, helmsman, Weapons Officer, etc.

The critical factors in all the casualties they investigated was that decision-making abilities and accuracy declined dramatically after a fairly low number of hours where these people were dealing with a state of constant information overload.

The shortened shifts flew in direct opposition to the prevailing “man up and deal with it” culture prevalent for so long. In the end, safety won out.

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During my first year at university, I studied Sociology amd Anthropology as an outside module. We had to discuss a book within the field out of a list, and I chose Alice Goffman's On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. I read the whole thing in three days because I enjoyed it that much (and obviously, knowing more about the book would help in my exam).

A lot of the facts have since slipped out of my brain, but I very much remember being enthralled at the time, so I'd highly recommend it.

They don't do that. Maybe catch a 15-30min nap at most but surgeons and surgical techs/nurses can work 24-36hrs consecutively without sleeping. They shouldn't, but they can and do.

This is a really interesting question but not one that has been addressed yet. In part because the use of the internet for socializing is fairly recent (IE in the last decade or two) and measuring the effects on long-term isolation in humans requires...decades of research. Using animal models would be faster but as far as I am aware we have no animal models of online social networks.

What we do know is that the use of the internet for socializing affects our loneliness and quality of life. This research is still fairly new since social media is fairly new and involves very quickly. Our current understanding is that socializing online enhances relationships and quality of life but cannot replace in-person connections. A study in Israel found that using the internet increased people's quality of life if they saw their family regularly (a proxy measurement of in-person interaction) but had no affect on those who did not.

Additionally, the way internet use affects us is often different depending on your age. For adolescents, the more time spent online was correlated with higher loneliness while in older adults the opposite was true. This may be do to the differences in how people from different age groups use the internet: older adults tend to go online more often to communicate compared with adolescents.

It's hard to make any concrete statements at this point since we just don't have the data yet. From the information we do have, I think it's reasonable to hypothesize that using the internet to socialize can help reduce the negative affects of isolation but are not a good replacement for offline relationships.

Loneliness and social media (Israeli study): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1745691617713052

Loneliness and social media (review):

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1745691617713052

Thank you for this!! It makes complete sense and I feel that you have accurately articulated the process. Now I’m hungry for some eggs and caramelized onions!

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