[removed]

Cavitation is the process of creating and collapsing tiny bubbles or voids in a liquid, usually through the application of high-intensity sound waves. Cavitation can occur in various forms, such as ultrasonic cavitation and hydrodynamic cavitation. In the context of medicine, cavitation is used in procedures like histotripsy, lithotripsy, and oncotripsy to break up tissue or stones in the body using high-intensity ultrasound waves.

It's important to note that cavitation is a physical process that occurs in liquids and is not related to the phenomenon of electromagnetic (EM) radiation. EM radiation is a type of energy that travels through the vacuum of space or through various materials in the form of waves. EM radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Cavitation cannot be used to "rupture" or "cavitate away" EM radiation in the same way that it can be used to break up tissue or stones. Instead, EM radiation can be absorbed, reflected, refracted, or transmitted through various materials, depending on the properties of the material and the frequency of the radiation. It's also worth noting that EM radiation does not require a medium to travel through, unlike sound waves, which need a medium (such as a gas, liquid, or solid) to propagate.

It's possible that the appearance of the mountain edges being more crisply defined in the wintertime could be due to a phenomenon called atmospheric refraction. This is when light is bent as it passes through different layers of the atmosphere, which can cause objects to appear differently to the observer.

During the winter, the air is generally colder and drier, which can lead to clearer visibility. This is because there is less water vapor in the air to scatter light and cause the "haze" effect that can sometimes be seen on warmer, more humid days.

Additionally, the angle of the sun in the sky can also affect the way that objects appear. In the winter, the sun is lower in the sky, which can create longer shadows and more contrast between light and dark areas, making objects appear sharper and more defined.

It's also possible that the perception of the mountain edges being more crisply defined could be due to a psychological effect, as you mentioned. Our brains can play tricks on us and sometimes interpret things in different ways based on our surroundings and expectations.

[removed]

[removed]

No one else has included this but - when the plants are active, they will be emitting terpenes into the air, a natural source of volatile hydrocarbons that produce haze.

The amount of isoprene emitted by plants is so significant that it filters sunlight, forming the beautiful blue haze that intrigued Leonardo da Vinci and is seen today in scenic locations such as the Blue Ridge Mountains of the United States and the Blue Mountains of Australia.

[removed]

One of the reasons we know the universe had to have been much smaller and closer together in the past is that to have that uniform temperature over such a large scale (the entire cmb) those parts needed to be close together at some point to "coordinate" on what temperature they should all be.

Dry air is clearer regardless of temperature, but warm air holds moisture more easily, so cold air is more likely to be dry and clear.

>While movement is expected in principle, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is static over human time scales. > >The light comprising the CMB last scattered at the same time everywhere, when the universe was about 370000 years old. The CMB that we see consists of the light that is just now reaching us. As time goes on, light from more and more distant regions is able to reach us. In this way, the CMB depicts a spherical slice of the 370000-year-old universe (the "last scattering surface") at an ever increasing distance as time goes on.

I just had a stupid thought, since different wavelengths take different amounts of time to reach us does that mean the speed of light varies based on its frequency?

Not necessarily, but government regulation forces them to test for every method for which they will be authorized for use and often asks for additional information which could include the effects from different delivery methods.

Before it can be legally sold in most countries, the company will have to prove to the government regulator that the drug is safe and effective when used in the manner prescribed. If the drug company wants to sell the prescription as a pill, they will have to prove that the drug is safe and effective when ingested. Then the government regulator allows the company to sell that new drug in that specific form, for that specific method of delivery.

If the company then wanted to take that pill and sell it as, say, a patch, they would have to prove to the government regulator that a patch is safe and effective, which is treated as an Abbreviated New Drug Submission - so it requires less information, because you've already proven to the government that the drug works when you applied for permission to sell it as a pill, now you're just proving that it's also safe and effective in this new form.

This is the way it works for Health Canada, anyways, and I'd assume it's the same for other Western government regulators as well.

More specifically, it is the increased variance in refractivity (due to convection) that distorts light.

Redshift is equivalent to time dilation? So early galaxies at high redshift appear basically frozen in time from our perspective? I've never heard of this... wouldn't nova events (or other time dependant events) in distant galaxies last way longer than close ones, from our perspective?

[removed]

JWST infrared filters can't see the CMB microwave radiation.

• JWST infrared filters range from 0.6 to 28.5 micrometers wavelength

• CMB microwave radiation = 1.9 millimeters wavelength.

• 1.9 millimeters = 1,900 micrometers

Sorry

[removed]

[removed]

JWST is tuned to detect infrared light. Microwaves, the 'M' in CMB, are just too long of a wavelength for JWST unfortunately. It might be able to do a similar survey and find other data but it won't see the same CMB.

[removed]

is the JWST able to/going to take a shot of the CMB? would be neat to have it alongside the others

[removed]

[removed]

[removed]

This is the key u/colorado_hick. Whether it’s 120* in AZ or -20* in CO, the western US has clarity from low humidity. Growing up in New England, the humidity obscures a lot of detail at a distance.

The total surface area doesn't need to be that big, we're definitely in radio wave territory, so synthetic aperture techniques are readily usable. As long as several telescopes are more than 40km apart and have good enough clocks, we can stitch the data together to get interesting things.

I'm guessing the hurdle is most of these measurements need to be space based since all the flag ship data sets are from satellites.