Until nature doubled down on the restricted visibility and made the Blue Ridge mountains. It’s about the only thing that comes close in terms of spectacular.

But otherwise you’re absolutely right. I think growing up in KY is part of why things like the Grand Canyon or the ocean didn't register as mind blowing as they really are. I could never see a 10 mile distance, and even if I could, anything as clear as the GC was would’ve been much closer. It wasn’t till I did an internship in NM that it really sank in. Going east on 40 from Albuquerque, theres a point near Sedillo where you exit the Sandias and can see the road stretched out in front of you till the next hill. I guessed it was about a mile and a half away, but it was actually four and a quarter.

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I got one or two of those. I felt honor bound to delete them. We were a smallish business but part of a pretty big company. Some of our customers were enormous. Once when discussing a newly identified but inconsequential impurity with an enormous pharma, they got into a big internal fight in front of us. Ok one time. But it was every week.

Same company berated us for missing a particle size spec we didn’t know existed. They had a senior VP on the call to yell at us. He realized they had added the spec without telling us and yelled at his people in front of us. Pharma can be nuts.

I've heard the analogy used that you can think of 3D space as flattened onto the surface of a balloon which is expanding. No matter which direction you take, you always end up back where you started (after a relativity breaking amount of time.

Edit: as the balloon expands, the actual material expands similar to how spacetime is expanding. Interestingly, at some point eons into the future, this expansion will make the milky way an island where everything else is so far away, any future civilization will never receive its light and will think our galaxy is all that exists in the universe.

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> the universe was "everything"

Correct. It's expanding, but that's an independent statement.

> Seriously, could we go to the edge of the universe then stick a meter stick a little bit further.

There is no edge and no center either. On a large scale, the universe is the same in every place and every direction.

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I'm confused about the concept of the universe. When I was a kid we were told the universe was "everything" now is not quite everything but currently expanding size. However logically even nothing has dimensions. Seriously, could we go to the edge of the universe then stick a meter stick a little bit further.

(not serious) or is the edge of the universe an ice wall guarded by some galactic guardians?

>Pharmaceutical companies typically test multiple methods of drug delivery during the development process for a new prescription drug.

No, that would be unusual.

>some drugs may be more effective when delivered intravenously (through an injection) because they can be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed to the target tissue.

Speed is rarely a concern. Exposure (duration of effect) is the common issue. Here oral delivery can have an advantage, since a pill formulation can reside in the digestive system for hours, extending the time for absorption.

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Would be the opposite, no? Sounds travel faster and further underwater than in air.
Would be logic that high humidity air allows sounds to travel further too, no?

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I hope this gets more scientific discussion, but I'm very sure this effect happens. When I lived in MN if I'd go outside on the absolute coldest days, like -30F sort of days, the one thing that always struck me was how loud everything seemed, from the crunching of snow under my feet, or even neighbors at the end of the block talking in a normal speaking voice and yet still being able to hear what they were saying.

Edit: Did some Googling, and apparently the explanation about refraction is correct? Essentially the ground air is extremely cold but there's a layer of warmer air above which effectively ends up bouncing the sound waves back towards the ground allowing them to carry much farther than normal

What happened is that the universe cooled enough that all of the free protons and electrons condensed into neutral hydrogen. Neutral atoms interact with light much more weakly than do free electric charges, so this process made the universe transparent to light.

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Great video. Thank you👍

How did all the light scatter at the same time? All photons in the CMB just bounced off a particle somewhere and haven’t touched any particles since?

Is this why I’ve noticed the winter sunsets are more beautiful than usual?

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