[removed]

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is a fragile virus that does not survive long outside the body. HIV is transmitted through certain body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact, such as shaking hands or sharing food.

In general, HIV is not considered infectious outside the body. HIV does not survive well in the environment and is quickly destroyed by exposure to air, heat, and sunlight. HIV is also easily killed by most household disinfectants and cannot be transmitted through food or water.

It is important to note that HIV can be transmitted through the sharing of needles or other injection drug equipment, as well as through sexual contact. It is important to use proper precautions and to engage in safer behaviors to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

[removed]

Do you have a source that says the body likely kills the virus after ten years?

Thank you for this detailed answer! You have a really great way of explaining complex ideas in simple, understandable terms.

[removed]

[removed]

I like that closing sentence a lot! Interesting, sort of by virtue of being living and evolving it’s harder to nail down any definitive answer on this. Both frustrating and really cool at the same time

Do you believe there to be no link at all or just nothing warranting discussion without that substance?

Phonology is important too, just not something it occurred to me to include. I wonder if there is any link between the development of a language like Xhosa and anything that is region/climate specific. This is a great avenue to go down, thank you

[removed]

[removed]

It depends on the region.

The tropics for instance have somewhat more consistent and predictable patterns over, say, a couple of months, including deviations to the "normal" climate. This is because the weather is heavily influenced by cyclic phenomena such as El Nino (you may have heard that name in the media) that have worldwide repercussions.

On the other hand the weather in the mid-high latitudes is much more chaotic and hardly predictable beyond 2 weeks. The atmospheric patterns are similar to waves. Depending on you being at the bottom or the top of the wave, you may experience warmer or colder weather, or more or less rain. Also if some place has a negative temperature anomaly, chances are that another place a couple thousand km away (that the scale we are talking about) has just the opposite.

The waves are moving spatially (usually west to east). So to some extend after a rainy event you can expect sun to come back. The problem is that waves can also be stationary (e.g. due to a high pressure area acting as a roadblock), and generally we struggle to predict how they will move beyond these two weeks.

The answer isnt simple. All language reflects the context in which it is used. However there is no 1:1 correlation, nor is there any "correct" way to use a language. Language is formed to attempt communication, but that requires both transmission and reception. Meaning that the meaning of language can change as it is passed between groups or individuals. In order to establish a response to your question about connection, we would have to be able to quantify an "origin" but its incredibly unlikely we'd be able to do that with certainty unless we have extensive written records AND something to compare to. Even then, there is no guarantee that the history is accurate or complete.

Basically, language is constantly changing by the way its used. We can't nail down any particular concept/style as "more" accurate or more true than another. The only difference between a dialect and a language is the army and navy. (meaning its a political difference not a real one)

This is not a direct answer to the part of your question about the degree to which weather systems within a short period of time can be "linked", but with respect to the difference between a given year and an average value, there are two points to consider.

1. Something like the average you mention, i.e., "5 wet days per month" is just that, an average. For most climatological parameters, a reported mean will represent at least 10 years of data (usually more). Importantly, the mean only tells you about the central tendency, but nothing of the variability. If we were dealing with normally distributed data, you could think about something like the standard deviation as a crude metric of variability. So for your given area, if the average wet days for your month of interest was 5 and had a standard deviation of 1, that would broadly suggest 14 wet days is a lower probability event, but if the standard deviation was 5, that would similarly broadly suggest that the precipitation in that month is more variable (assuming you had enough a long enough set of data where you standard deviations were meaningful). Now in reality, while some climatological variables tend to be close to normally distributed (e.g., temperature), precipitation tends to not be well explained by normal distributions. Instead, distributions like the weibull, logistic, exponential, or GEV are better suited for describing precipitation. For these, we might be interested in the "shape" parameter (or equivalent) for a fit to the distribution of rainfall assuming one of these distributions which would give us a sense of the variability and thus how probable a significant deviation from the mean is.
2. In a similar theme, mean climatological parameters will typically represent averages across a variety of cyclical changes in climate, things like ENSO. We are currently experiencing La Niña, so hypothetically, if for your location in this month, it's typically more wet during La Niña (and perhaps drier during El Niño, where the mean reflects somewhere between the two), then this may not be "out of the ordinary" at all.

[removed]

[removed]

There are so many things that can alter the answer to your question…. Some places have much more variability in their weather patterns… to the degree that the same month one year may be 5 rain days and another year it’s 20 rain days, the average of rain days will be the number of rain days each year averaged over a period of time (maybe 10 years) so in this example the average might be 12 rain days but it may be as many as 20 days during several years when a particular weather pattern is prevalent.

Things that alter the local weather pattern are things like altitude of the place and height of surrounding mountains, major high altitude air currents like the jet stream, proximity to the coast and sea temperature, proximity to seawater currents like the Gulf Stream, low level winds like the trade winds, ares of desert, proximity or not to the equator and position within a large landmass all create local pockets of weather patterns that are unique often to a very small geographic area. So where you are the answers may be very different compared to where I am.

Some places are even “high or low” air pressure generators that begin to propagate patterns of weather in different ways as the wind direction changes. So if winds are easterly it’s pattern “A” if winds are westerly it’s pattern “B” if winds are very low then pattern “C” becomes more likely.

A weatherman will probably tell you, you are far less likely to see the average number of rain days or the average temperature occur because the average is just that the number calculated mathematically. Now that may be a good average because there is never much variation or a bad average calculated from two extremes… normally weathermen know that in some places it will regularly be very high or very low, the average itself May happen very very rarely.

[removed]

[removed]

Not to take away from the overall point but fyi the frog thing is a myth, that experiment was done on lobotomised frogs

For all things not including (Hydrogen, Neon, and helium) they usually will not cool down when compressed. That's not how pressure and temperature are related for most substances.

A perfect example is the ideal gas law PV=nRT

Where:

P= pressure of the observed system

T= temperature of observed system

As you can see, Pressure becomes divided by Temperature or vice versa (depending on what you're solving for), which means they are directly proportional (instead of inversely proportional, where if pressure went up, the temperature would drop)

Now, I can go more into detail as to WHY this physically happens (hint, temperature is a measure of energy in a system, as you compress a system things, they bump more, create more friction, etc.) but I did not want to just unload a ton of info if you didn't need it to answer what you are actually asking

Edit: accounted for the Joule Thompson effect as described below in comments

[removed]

[removed]

There's a hypothesis that mountainous areas tend to preserve isolate languages better, and languages with complex morphology. Examples are Caucasus and the Himalayas. (Compare some languages in the Himalayas with related Tibetan and Mandarin.)

This doesn't mean these languages were formed there, but the isolation preserved some complex features.

(edit) grammar