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It is next to impossible to clean out the housing sufficiently, which is why you can't get new birds in the same place. 120 days empty, IIRC. The extra frustrating thing is it comes in from wild birds, even to places with birds housed indoors only, not outside areas.

I agree that those things suck, but this virus also affects small and free-range producers, as well as wild birds (though not always with as high a mortality rate), so it's not the conditions that lead to the 90-100% mortality rate.

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Completely useless nitpick but wouldn’t glaciers cutting fall under the category of erosion when you say glaciers cut and water erodes?

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This is also part of a theory why Sub-Saharan Africa never developed into large, world-busting empires like you saw in Europe/near east/Asia.

Jagged coastlines make for great Deepwater ports, which are necessary for bulk trading and information exchange. Lots of groups in Africa generally stayed fractured, which is why there are so many cultures and languages

This was a great question thank you. I've learned a heap from this thread. Hey maybe also look at the basic air flows and resulting ocean behaviour for another peice of the puzzle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye45DGkqUkE

NZ has awesome examples the glaciers vs erosion. Some of the coast is dominated by old glacial action and other parts formed by eroded volanoes.

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I think you are remembering that part of geology class somewhat incompletely. That's fine, geology is a huge subject.

All photos by me.

Ice gouges U shaped channels (especially on a huge scale), water erosion creates V shaped gouges. Here is a good example of the U shape of glaciation erosion, and the river in front of it, carving a V.

https://i.imgur.com/oddQgRL.png

At the base of a formerly glaciated mountain, you get steep smooth talus/scree piles of sharp rock, as sharp stones have a steeper angle of repose, and rain water runs down through glacial till, then out at the base. How much of a talus pile is there has a lot to do with how friable the rock is, after major glaciation retreated.

Example of glacial talus in an area with low rainfall.

https://i.imgur.com/C9FvYJV.jpg

All the rock in that talus fell after major glaciation carved the valley and lake.

Here you can see the material washed down by water erosion fans out at a lower angle, and is also more subject to erosion, as the scree is smaller and mixed with organics.

https://i.imgur.com/jylENUG.jpg

When it comes to coasts (and beaches), they are built and shaped by tidal action. Beaches, whether gravel or sand, are defined as being relatively low in slope, close to water, generally homogeneous in material size, even when (and if!) they are actually talus piles.

You can see this in Australia, where I'm hoping to go some day, to take my own photos. You won't notice these beaches on a map, nor in Northern regions that look all crinkly.

https://i1.wp.com/beautifulplacestovisit.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Apostles_3_GOR.jpg

You can really see this effect on the North American West coast. The ice sheets from the last ice age covered Canada, but not much of the US. The fjords (we just call them inlets) stop abruptly at Washington State, so the coast is rocky and jagged above Seattle, and smooth with a lot more beaches below Seattle.

Its the difference between using a wood saw vs sandpaper for your finishing touches.

There's one thing I wanna add to this, the Mercator projection zooms in on things closer to the poles. So you can get higher definition the further noth you are because of the distortion.

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