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At least for insulin, which used to be harvested from pig and cow pancreases, the use of animal insulin caused allergic reactions in many diabetes patients. I’d assume there’d be similar immune problems with animal epinephrine.

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Obviously it can’t be ethically sourced from humans in mass production, but are the effects of human-human epinephrine transfusions the same as sheep/cattle?

That's 0.44 psi per foot, which at 6ft is 2.64 psi, which doesn't sound like a lot, but considering it's going through blood vessels, that's absolutely insane.

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I was going to ask how a long neck dinosaur managed it. So, do they have two separate tubes. One for inhale and one for exhale?

True, they'd have alot of adrenaline, and the impacts of making meat and getting other products out of animals seems alot more costly from what you said.

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Fun fact: The Blue Angels don't wear G-suits because they maneuver so closely and don't want the suits to impact their controls during displays.

From their FAQ: https://www.blueangels.navy.mil/faq/

G-suits are designed with air bladders (pockets) that inflate and deflate to keep a pilot's blood from pooling in the pilots' legs while executing sharp, unpredicted combat maneuvers. Unlike combat flying, the Blue Angels demonstration pilots know the maneuvers they will fly prior to execution, so each pilot knows when one will be experiencing heavy gravitational forces. Anticipating the changes in gravitational forces allows the Blue Angels demonstration pilots to combat G-forces with muscle contractions. Additionally, G-suits would detrimentally impact flight safety.The Boeing F/A-18's control stick is mounted between the pilot's legs. The Blue Angels have a spring tensioned with 40 pounds of pressure installed on the control stick that gives the pilot a "false feel." This allows the pilot minimal room for un-commanded movement. The pilots rest their right arms on their thighs for support and stability while flying. Therefore, inflating and deflating air bladders in a G-suit would interrupt this support and stability, causing un-commanded aircraft movement.

Is that 40-50 m north per year? That would be just a few kilometers per century which sounds very slow. 40-50 m in height on the other hand would be extremely fast. Is there some conversion factor I'm missing? This study cited by your reference talks about "29 and 27 altitudinal metres (0.6 and 0.5 m·yr^(−1))".

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Well the animals are killed, the adrenal glands sit on top if the kidneys, but you have to keep in mind that cattle and sheep aren’t exactly just used for that. So yes, this harms the animal in that they’re killed, but the environmental impact is the same as raising any livestock, and the animals required to supply adrenaline is a small fraction of the animals raised to be eaten or produce dairy products.

I couldn’t even begin to estimate the environmental impact of synthesis, but as far as I know this isn’t really done at any scale, but if it had to be ramped up… I don’t know.

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I also have a sponge in my brain. But that's another story. I dampen tictock videos and ignore all of them.

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I think they're referring to what we call "dead space" in respiratory physiology, which is the part of the respiratory tract that isn't involved in oxygenation (gas exchange). Our alveoli are the only structures in our lungs that are actually exchanging gases, everything else is considered dead space (e.g. trachea, bronchus) because there is no exchange happening there. We also call those parts of the airway the conducting airway, since all they do is move air (conduction), whereas the respiratory airway refers to the alveoli since it is involved in gas exchange (respiration).

Since giraffes have very long necks and thus longer conducting airways, it would be reasonable to assume that they have much more dead space than humans do, proportionally speaking of course.

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Does this harm the environment or cattle in any way at all? I'd assume not as tbag doesn't exactly seem threatening.

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Extraction and purification of adrenaline from the adrenal glands of cattle and sheep is one way you can produce it at scale. Since the early 1900’s though synthetic production of epinephrine has been ongoing, and generally involves reacting catechol and chloroacetyl chloride.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(15)00087-9/fulltext

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12806434/