No, I don't. Because I don't know what it takes to process and extract epinephrine from an adrenal gland of livestock, for all I know it's prohibitively expensive to harvest, and maybe the cows need to be raised a certain way for the product to be viable.

There are absolutely industries with manufactured inefficiency for the sake of convenience and profit, I really don't think it's unreasonable just to ask the damn question

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There are 4 main types of blood: A, B, AB, and O. Any one of these 4 types can be + or -.

On the surface of the blood cell there are proteins called antigens. The important antigens for this explanation are: A antigen, B antigen, and Rh antigen.

Someone who has A antigens on their blood cells would be type A. Someone who has type B antigens on their blood cells would be type B. If you have both A and B, you're type AB. If you have neither A or B, you have type O.

Rh antigen decides if you're + or -. If you have the Rh antigen, you're +. If you don't, you're -.

So for example, someone with only B antigen and no others would be B-. Someone with A,B, and Rh antigen would be AB+.

The reason it's important to know this is because your body recognizes your cells by recognizing the cell surface antigens on your cells. If a foreign cell surface antigen is detected, your body will attack that cell. So for example, if you have A- blood, you can only recieve a blood donation of O- or A- blood. You can get O- because there's no antigens for your body to recognize as foreign (no B or Rh). In contrast, someone with AB+ blood can receive blood from any blood type, but someone with O- can only receive O-, despite being a universal donor (anyone can receive O- blood.)

Protecting the threads is a huge factor in torque spec.

Material and thread type would determine what you can torque something, too. It's basically the starting point in determining a spec. Valve cover onto aluminum head, for example.

You don't think there's a profit motive in using all the parts of slaughtered livestock?

This subject is called pharmacokinetics. How quickly a drug is metabolised and/or cleared from the body. There are various ways to work this out.

I don’t want to say too much here as anything further from me is from memory of a subject I don’t know too much about. But searching pharmacokinetics will give you information on that subject.

It may be worked out in animals, prior to human testing. It could be worked out in the lab via experiments examining enzymatic activity. Metabolism could be worked out by monitoring blood concentrations depending on the drug. Clearance could be worked out by stool, urine monitoring.

It’s a complicated area that I have had maybe two lectures on, so don’t take what I say as gospel

Seems like an evolutionary side effect that would normally be beneficial. Pinching a nerve for a prolonged time isn’t good, so when your brain loses feeling to an area it gives you pain signals to trigger you into moving, so that you don’t sleep or sit in a way that could lead to paralysis, and once it gets other feedback it stops.

Unfortunately it can’t tell the difference between a pinched nerve and a lost limb, so it’s instead like “bro move your hand, bro, BRO!!!” And now your left hand that’s been missing for 6 years is suddenly on fire.

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I’ve lost screws off my motorcycle because they vibrate out (small ones that hold on the fairings).

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>but outright dangerous with alloy rims.

Not true at all. Mechanic/tire shops don't have every customer that had their wheels pulled off come back to have them retorqued. If they are torqued properly initially, no need to retorque.

its due to aluminum allow wheels, something about the softness of the metal "could" loosen after stress cycles.

Steel rims deform slightly, giving the connection some "springiness". But alloy wheels don't deform if you stay within the given torque range (if you don't, they crack) so any dirt particles, rust, sand etc. that grinds to dust after initial tightening will leave a gap between the hub and rim.

So forgetting retorque with steel rims is somewhat forgivable, but outright dangerous with alloy rims.

if anything we've become less efficient at it. in older days we'd use the bones for stock/arrows/tools etc. we'd use the skin for leathers. sinew for string/rope. fat for fuel and preserving and soap. meat and organ meat for food. nowadays we throw most of it out to waste, organ meat barely gets eaten. leather = murder to some people so its used less and less in clothing taken over by much higher environmental impacting synthetic leather. i've spent a project on waste meats for biofuel and theres so much crap that just doesnt get used anymore.

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If you used a 1 inch long wrench and put 7lbs on it's end would that be equivalent?

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There are no pain receptors in the body whatsoever. Pain is an experience, a complex output of the mind formed from many various factors, one of which is the input received by nociceptors that effectively detect harmful or potentially harmful change.

That said, neuropathic pain is also somewhat complicated but typically if a nerve is damaged at some point then the pain/altered sensation will follow the course of the nerve from that point to the furthest distal end of the affected nerve.

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