Recent comments in /f/askscience

SerialStateLineXer t1_j4vcgpv wrote

One example of standards being revised due to people becoming healthier is blood lead levels. Back in the 60s, the US CDC used a threshold of 60 mcg/dL for high blood lead levels in children. Over time, as average blood lead levels come down, the threshold has been repeatedly revised downward, most recently to 3.5 mcg/dL.

Part of the reason for this, I suspect, is that back in the 60s they didn't have evidence that 3 mcg/dL was better than 5 mcg/dL because lead was so ubiquitous that they couldn't find a sample of children with levels low enough to test this hypothesis. They could tell that 80 was worse than 50, but the possibility that 3 might be better than 5 was purely hypothetical.

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Alittlebitmorbid t1_j4varmd wrote

I think this has to do with several factors. I will use cholesterol as an example.

Factor A: testing methods change over time, I doubt the methods of 1930 were the same or as exact as they are today

Factor B: research of acceptable factors, cholesterol for example is usually divided into two sorts, and for years it was state of the art too high cholesterol of any sort is bad, then it changed to one sort being the "good" cholesterol, so higher levels should be tolerated of this kind and lower of the other kind

Factor C: this may surprise, but... pharma industry, they profit from lower tolerance as there is a huuuuge market for statins (I could name half a dozen statins right now), so they commission studies which show the wanted results and many people do not know how to look at the studies and results properly

Factor D: actual change in eating habits, genes, environment, etc.

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reeeeeeeeeee78 t1_j4va0lu wrote

They have massively higher concentrations of androgen receptors independent of testosterone exposure. Amongst elite athletes men tend to have a higher 1rm off of say, an 8 rep max.

IE a man and a woman of equal muscle mass and leverages can both squat 315x8. The man will have a 1rm fairly higher then the female even though rep max was the same.

Men are better at maximal efforts, likely from muscle fiber composition favoring 1rm and the androgen receptors.

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ISvengali t1_j4v9inl wrote

That a good point, though the answer is rarely. Theres something like 1 molecule / cm3 (though places can be less and more)

Every now and then one of those atoms will get close enough and the tuning fork will knock it away making 'noise'. Presumably if one hits at the right time itll add energy also.

Both events are going to be fairly rare.

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Fortisimo07 t1_j4v50qt wrote

This isn't really right, the wave in the fork will reflect off the boundary, it doesn't just disappear. In atmosphere, most of the energy in a running fork reflects off the boundary with air as well, but in space essentially all of the energy stays in the fork, so the sound wave will just keep bouncing around and around inside. It's an impedance matching problem, and the acoustic impedance of space is essentially zero

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bigflamingtaco t1_j4v4asb wrote

What changed was the release of drilling data the reveled shocked quartz and other types of damage to multiple types of rock that doesn't happen naturally with earth's forced existed over a very wide area and to incredible depth. This data was the smoking gun that showed a huge impact crater did indeed exist, when previously we had suspicion but no proof of an impact.

And it gained even more traction when they did some more drilling to pinpoint the central peak, early 2010's I think.

Prior to the drilling data release, all they knew was there was ejecta all over the peninsula.

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