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Outside the event horizon, sure.

Inside the event horizon, space is warped in such a way that the only paths going towards the event horizon are in the past. Going forward in time, all possible paths go closer to the singularity.

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My pleasure! As an added bonus that you didn't ask for at all, did you know that consumption of dietary cholesterol, and elevated endogenous cholesterol levels, are not well correlated? We don't really know what causes elevated cholesterol levels, but there's not much evidence that suggests that diet is a large contributing factor. Conversely, consumption of excess lipids can cause hyperlipidea.

Also, I labeled the good and bad cholesterol incorrectly in my previous comment, but I fixed it now. LDL=bad, HDL=good

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There just isnt anywhere close to enough area to make a difference even if you could do it.

A lot of the pharmacokinetics have to do with half lives. If it has a short half live generally it will be dosed more often and vice versa. Saying that there are a bunch of small things that also change it. You have to factor in if it is hydrophobic/hydrophilic or lipophobic/lipophilic. Does it leave the blood stream or not. Does the liver or kidney metabolize or remove it. Does it cross into the brain. And more...

Someone else mentioned phase 1 trials. That is where they do a lot of this. Give a dose check blood levels every 30 min and check the level.

Saying that they can make ER (extended release) or DR (delayed release) versions that release over time so it can be taken less often.

Some antibiotics have different types. Some have to keep the blood concentration over a certain level the whole time. Some only need to go over a certain level for a certain length of time every so often.

Also, specifically for OTC meds often times the OTC dose is not the max but the max is set when it is approved for OTC by the FDA. For instance ibuprofen will have max dosing lower than the prescription strength. Omeprazole will say only to use for 14 days before you see a Dr. There are legal or safety reasons for that.

There are individual differences between babies. Not all cry loud. In addition to the mentioned facts, the nutrition that the mother had during pregnancy also plays a crucial role. For instance are babies who were exposed to Fastfood significantly more aggressive.

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That sounds terrifying, thank you

I don't know about the microscale. There is variation in muscle tissue, such as "fast twitch" vs "slow twitch" fibres, but I don't know of any studies correlating (or not) such variation with sex.

Men on average have more muscle mass and lower body fat percentage. As well as that there is a difference in muscle distribution. Compared to women, men have a significant advantage in upper body strength but a more modest advantage in lower body strength. I've seen varying figures from different sources but the difference clearly exists. Upper body strength is important for punching, throwing objects, and wielding weapons - all abilities required to fight and to hunt.

Even if they're the same height and weight and have the same skill and general fitness, that upper body strength gives the man an advantage in a fight, which is likely to be one reason why combat sports usually separate men and women in competition even though they also have weight classes.

thx for the reply.

and ya i just chocked it up to the current state of immune system discussion. i assume they were assuming my questions were to look for an alternative to vaccines. as asking about it kinda makes me sound anti-vax.

if we weren't in covid times they probably wouldn't have assumed that. i think.

It’s not a pressure wave. It’s an entirely different mechanism.

The fork tines oscillate back and forth as the metal bends at the base of the tines. There is no propagating wave through the metal. It’s really more like the motion of a spring.

Not all vibration crates sound and vibration is never sound in and of itself.

All atoms are vibrating all the time. But they are so small and there are so many of them vibrating out of sync with one another that a pressure wave never develops in any given direction.

Noise canceling headphones cancel the noise by oscillating out of phase with a sound wave so that the sound wave is canceled. So that’s a case where vibration actually eliminates sound.

Vibration is not sound.

> Evolutionary Design: Men are built to hunt and protect, while woman play the major role in reproduction and care taking of the next generation.

I don't think this stands up to scrutiny. Firstly the idea that hunting was a male activity in forager societies has been called into question by archeological evidence such as https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abd0310

Secondly, the same sexual dimorphism exists in the other Hominidae (great apes) to a varying extent, with no correlation to how much hunting the species does. In particular gorillas do virtually no hunting but have males much larger than females. An evolutionary explanation for sexual dimorphism that's applicable to all great apes is simpler than appealing to a different explanation for each species.

I agree with other answers that fighting is a more probable driver of sexual dimorphism in great apes than hunting. If, in human forager societies, more hunting was done by men this could be as much the result as the cause of the sexual dimorphism.

I was thinking that DNA % would be the ideal way. As in, seeing what percentage various species share in comparison to closely related species and use that as a starting point (to be researched and fine tuned as time goes on). Then we wouldn't have to guess if a new discovery is the same species as something we already have or if it needs to classified as a new species. However, that seemed to be characterized as a crazy idea by some on Reddit.

The cherry on top is the fact that even with the so-powerful-it's-practically-a-weapon transmitter, the data feed would take another 1600 years to come back to us.

1 repetition maximum. A rep being one of a movement type.

Like benching 225 12 times would be 12 reps at 225, for a set of 12.

1 rm or rep max would be the most weight you can lift a single time.

Men who have the same 12 repetition maximum (the most weight they can lift 12 times in a row) as women, will have a higher 1 rep maximum then women. Women seem to have better endurance relative to their maximal strength, while men have better power relative to their lifting endurance.

Female Olympic athletes are just much better at handling total training volume relative to 1rm then men are.

IE attempting 5 reps at 95 percent of 1rm could be possible for women. For men it's likely they would fail after 2 reps and begin to risk serious injury.

The tldr is that women are more resistant to fatigue then men while lifting heavy, but men are capable of producing more power with equal muscle mass. Part of it is cns, part hormones. Women who take steroids still can't equal 1rm of steroid free men when muscle mass is the same.

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Yeah and those "vibrations" are pressure waves traveling through a medium (the metal that the fork is made of). It's sound.

Thank you for the citations

What is it (or what is it even called) when you can feel an itch inside your limb but can’t reach it? Scratching remotely close to where I think it is doesn’t get it and I sometimes resort to lightly slapping the area to “scratch” that itch. Is it a nerve that’s firing off the wrong signals? If I’m lucky I can scratch all over and one random patch of skin will scratch the itch of whatever’s inside my muscle or limb even though it’s nowhere close.

Phantom itch doesn’t sound like it but I’ve no idea what this is even called because I can’t figure out the correct sequence of words to accurately search this!

I’m trying to make the distinction that it is not sound in a vibrating fork. The sound is what happens when the vibration of the fork is translated into a medium as a pressure wave. So there is no sound in the fork.

Malaria is apparently a parasite that travels through the spit of specific mosquitoes and once inside the human body, completely reeks havoc causing a wide range of symptoms even ending in death in some cases. When we look at its method for infecting the body it mirrors that of viruses and bacteria - enter cell replicate burst through cell, rinse and repeat. One thing that I noticed when looking at WHY a parasite vaccine is not as simple as antibiotics when parasites are essentially single called organisms( please correct me if this is wrong but I thought they were plasmodium.) isn't it easy to do what we have always done with bacteria: target cell membrane, burst the cell and rinse and repeat? Talk about the nature of a parasite and what about them is really different to our mode of attack in the form of vaccines from other pathogens!