Recent comments in /f/askscience

CardiOMG t1_j53m1rd wrote

It can be lots of different colors! Some of them can appear off-white/yellowish.

If you aren't squeamish, go to Google images and search "______ cancer gross pathology " (e.g., breast cancer gross pathology). In this context, gross means what's visible to the naked eye -- though some may think it's just gross lol.

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devinmacd t1_j53j7ds wrote

More so than lungs, he might be getting the black thing from skin and oral cancers, which can often look black, and would be the readily visible cancers. Also black tissue would be associated with necrotic, rotting, just nefarious in general so can see a kid thinking that. But true that in general cancer doesn't have a color.

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SatansCouncil t1_j53i4wx wrote

High compression ratio and lower boost makes sense for roadcoursing an overbore, high revving engine. Superior part-throttle reponse at the cost of max power.

But imo, better streetable power can be had with a stroker with a comfortable compression ratio and a bigger turbo/intercooler that has a decent island of efficiency. Superior power at the cost of part throttle capability.

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NNovis t1_j53felo wrote

Cancer is going to be whatever color tissue it originated from. Liver cancer is probably going to be the color of a liver. Brain cancer, brain color, etc etc. Cancer is just cells in tissue that are growing out of control and taking extra resources from the body to sustain itself, that's all. They're practically normal cells otherwise.

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ThoughtfulPoster t1_j53cw2k wrote

Cancer is not a type of cell. It's a word for any type of cell that isn't listening to its programmed instructions to stop diving and die (apoptosis) after it stops being useful to the body. So, brain cells that become cancerous look like brain cells. Heart cells that become cancerous look like heart cells. And so on.

Your son is probably confused because we often show children pictures of soot-damaged lung tissue and talk about how smoking causes cancer, so it's easy to think that those pictures are "what cancer looks like." But no, cancer cells look like any other, usually.

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Indemnity4 t1_j53c3x6 wrote

Not only anaerobic, the empty spaces should be sterile!

You have two major cavities in your body: your gut area on the front and the area on your back from your butt up to your brain.

There is no circulation, everything moves by diffusion.

Your organs are lined in a membrane called "peritoneum". It sweats out a special liquid called "peritoneal fluid." You can think of it as fancy lubrication for inside human bodies.

The peritoneal liquid in the spaces between organs is really small volume, maybe 50 ml in a human. It contains neutrophils, mononuclear cells, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, desquamated mesothelial cells, and an average of 3.0 g/mL of protein. -> blah blah blah that is mostly immune system stuff and dead outer skin cells from your organs.

Electrolytes and small molecules can diffuse into/out of your blood, so composition of those is similar enough.

Overall: it's mostly blood liquid minus the blood cells, plus some immune system stuff.

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Indemnity4 t1_j53atiw wrote

> would an object in the right conditions decompose into gaseous molecules?

Eample: a candle.

Most smell molecules are very light. LEGO analogy, it's mostly 1 piece blocks and not 2x4's.

If you take a piece of wood, you can set it on fire and break those big pieces into smaller. You then lose most of the mass into the form of a gas.

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Indemnity4 t1_j53a8xd wrote

Most likely a difference in hair or shoes.

Static shocks are caused when someone accumulates excess electrical charge and is insulated from the environment. When that insulating material touches something conductive, the transfer of charge happens.

Thick soled shoes and synthetic fabrics such as nylon and polyester are insulating, allowing for larger buildup of charge.

If you have long hair and use a brush, or brushing-like activity, that can cause a buildup.

Your moisturizer may be in play, but not much. The moisturizer does trap water and sweat/salt which acts as a conductor. A person with dry skin would have worse static shocks.

Behaviour may be a factor. Someone regularly grounding themselves on metal structures will reduce their static buildup, think of someone working at a desk with a metal frame and brushing their leg against it. Some teen with shuffling gait scuffing their shoes on the carpet will have a higher static buildup.

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Indemnity4 t1_j537jad wrote

Guess what, there is an entire wikipedia page devoted to your questions. A history of malaria vaccines.

> do what we have always done with bacteria: target cell membrane, burst the cell and rinse and repeat?

Not quite correct. Majority of antibacterial drugs leave the bacteria intact. Instead they interefere with the reproduction rate. Either slowling it enough for the immune system to clear, or metaphorically putting a condom on to stop reproduction.

Those routes don't work for plasmodium. Unlike bactera which are very uniform, plasmodium are very diverse within their own culture. You can spot bacteria onto a plate and it usually grows one big blob; do that for plasmodium and you find lots of little and big blobs. Any route that targets plasmodium reproduction will fail because there is a huge evolutionary pressure to develop drug resistance. All those mixed genetics clusters in the same infection will compete and at least one will be drug resistant.

A human who is infected with malaria and recovers will be immune to the disease. However, they aren't immune to the parasite. They can be reinfected and asymptomatic, spreading it to other people. A person can even be permanently infected.

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