Recent comments in /f/askscience

electric_ionland t1_j54neer wrote

Yeah the guy in the video is a bit confused and doesn't apply the right equations. But the general point is that denser weights that are closer to your end are easier to balance so they feel lighter. But they do require the same amount of force to lift.

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agendont t1_j54lgvl wrote

surgical tech here. I can't tell you about the color of individual cells nor how they are stained by pathology, but I can describe what the specimens look like as soon as they come out of the patient.

normal vocal cords are shiny, whitish-yellow, and have clearly vertical capillaries.

squamous cell carcinoma, when it grows on them, is flat and white with an uneven surface. you can usually see thinner patches around the mass where the normal vessel pattern turns pebbly or foggy.

normal brain tissue is pink and has large, obvious vessels all over the surface like a cartoon. the dura is white, smooth, and normally does not adhere to the brain at all. it can stick to the skull a little but is easily freed.

the brain tumor itself looks and feels exactly like uncooked tofu. it's soft, spongy, white, saturated, and falls apart easily. Larger brain tumors can compress surrounding healthy tissue until it dies, so many times the tumor is surrounded by watery greenish-yellow or brown-tinged CSF. if the tumor is near the dura, sometimes it can grow through it and stick to the inside of the skull.

meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumors all look similar to me, but maybe someone more experienced could tell you the subtle differences better.

normal muscle has gorgeous bands of silvery fascia over rich maroon. it makes you think, "just like in the textbook!" Myoma (muscle tumor) is matte, uniform, and featureless. spongy and firm to the touch but doesn't fall apart when you squeeze it. like a chicken tender without the skin. I've seen one from a thigh that was terra-cotta colored, and the ones that grow in the uterine wall (fibroids) are the same texture but off-white, kinda yellow.

that's about the extent to which I can speak from my experience! Cancer is more obvious to identify by touch than by color.

tl;dr: Usually white.

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TimeSpaceGeek t1_j54h9wk wrote

So the short version is that the fibres don't cause mutation in DNA directly, so much as they damage cells in such a way that mutation becomes far more likely. DNA in a cell is contained primarily in the cell's nucleus. If the cell becomes damaged sufficiently to damage that, it can cause it to heal wrong. This can cause things like cell inflammation, which itself can damage cell DNA if it persists over a protracted period, and cause cancer over time that way. That's one element.

But another, more particular element is one of damaging our cancer prevention. IIRC, one of the things Asbestos does is damage immune cells particularly. Your body develops cells that might well progress toward cancer all the time. Tiny little growths of damaged cells appear semi-regularly in Human bodies, but are very quickly dealt with by the immune system, which hunts them down and destroys them before they grow much more than a few cells too large. It's why Immunology is proving to be a very promising cancer treatment for a lot of cancers, and it's also one of the reasons why immune-compromised people, such as people with HIV or AIDs, are at more risk of cancer as a secondary complication. And in the same way, Asbestos fibres can damage some of the immune cells whose job it is to destroy these early cancerous cells, preventing them from doing their job, and making cancer more likely.

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Cultist_O t1_j54gj4s wrote

Beavers do live in lakes, and they even build structures out of wood to live in there. Those structures however, are "lodges" however, and not dams. Beavers do not live in dams. Beavers build dams to make a lake or pond, and within that, they build a lodge to live in. (If a lake would be there anyway, chances are beavers wouldn't bother to dam it up further)

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Ineedanaccountthx t1_j54eike wrote

As a little extra, to completely confuse you, I know everyone said cancer cells are colourless which is true but I grow and extract tumours from mice and chicks regularly and tumours when extracted can be anywhere from pink to purple to milky white and opaque. Depends on the organism and the cancer cell type and treatment or lack thereof.

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