It is original idea of tumor immune gene therapy. You isolate the cancer cell, put part of it in a virus (usually Adenovirus) and infect the humane cells. It is a fairly easy process. the difficulty is to select the best part of the DNA used as antigen

This is done since the mid 1990s, with mixed results.

This is also what the Astra Zeneca Covid vaccines is using.

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I've never measured any delay in a battery. I do agree that batteries have very different discharge characteristics than capacitors.

The capability gap is actually much larger even with super capacitors. Flow batteries make the possibility for huge increases in battery capacity.

Iron is a much more effective penetrator than lead. Also, cannon balls were often stored for long periods and transported often and needed to be sturdy enough to not deform and become useless. By the time technology had advanced enough to make a hollow iron ball and fill it with lead, they chose to fill it with gunpowder instead and add a fusing mechanism.

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(Digital) Signal-processing is a very broad field, but very powerful and important in modern communications systems.

As examples, you get audio signal-processing for lossy compression (bit-rate-reduction) and echo-cancellation and speech-recognition, and signal processing of radiofrequency signals in any "digital"-mode transmitter or receiver such as mobile phone or DAB radio or digital-TV (take a deep breath and look up OFDM :-) ).

It's amazing how Fourier transforms invented (or perhaps "discovered") by Joseph Fourier 200 years ago are at the heart of so much of modern technology.

No, an allergic reaction requires circulation. The perfume might diffuse into tissue and activate a few surviving mast cells, but the vasoactive chemicals (cytokines and biogenic amines) would have no real effect. Every sustained immune response I can think of requires recruitment of other cells (through circulation). Some tissue-resident phagocytes could maybe become activated through passive diffusion (although this is much less likely without circulation), but any effect they have would be *far* less damaging than the enzymatic reactions already taking place in tissue after death.

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There are currently attempts to sort of do that, but it isn't usually as simple as modifying the virus to infect cancer cells. I'll explain more about that in a second. First, as far as a challenge to doing this that you asked about, the big one is that cancer cells are very similar to your healthy cells. It's difficult to produce a virus that would reliably target cancer cells without also infecting at least some of your healthy cells somewhere in your body. Cancer cells are human cells, so it isn't the same as something that targets bacterial cells.

That said, one method in gene therapy studies nowadays is to use viruses as vectors to deliver genes to cancerous cells. Simple retroviruses, for instance, infect dividing cell populations. Since cancer cells are actively dividing, retroviruses will infect them. One method is to engineer a retrovirus with an enzyme that will convert a 'prodrug' to a compound which will kill the cell. The problem is, if you're going to genetically alter a virus and put it in someone, you want to have a failsafe in place to prevent it from replicating and spreading. So, these viruses are then engineered to be replication defective...meaning they'll inject their RNA into cells and integrate it into the host genome, but will lack the genes needed to commandeer the cell and create more replicating viral copies. These replication defective viruses are grown in what are called "packaging cells" which are themselves altered to contain the genes that the modified viruses lack. (This way, packaging cell lines create the altered virus, which is then incapable of replication in normal cells). There's always the risk that these viruses could regain replication competence through various means, so they're engineered in a way to minimize this risk, and screening for viral shedding and replication competence should be performed to make sure it isn't happening. There are other ways to approach this with viruses other than retroviruses but this comment is already long enough lol.

Point is, it's being worked on but is very complicated so will take time, and may never become the 'silver bullet' that you'd expect. (Fingers crossed tho!)

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From a general science perspective (I have no specialist human-body expertise) I would suggest that it's arguable that development is asymptotic - the rate-of-development or mental-maturing slows down as you approach the end-point, but never quite gets there.

I would interpret any figure (e.g. age 25) for being "fully developed" as an indicative ballpark rather than a discrete finishing line that you cross.

My understanding (non-expert) is that the brain is constantly developing through life, making new connections, letting old ones weaken...

The general public, the popular press, and the legal-folks crave certainty and absolutes. In real life, things are generally a bit fuzzier!

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In physics and electronics we often measure or define when a switching signal gets to 90% or 95% of its final value, as defining when you reach 100% is really difficult (and not practically useful).

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My dad researched doing exactly this for 30 years. They had several treatments go to clinical trial, though I believe none of theirs have gone forward.

It's known as gene therapy: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy

The same lab used a genetically modified virus to develop an oral rabies vaccine that is in wide use today.

This was dad's boss: https://nrc.canada.ca/en/stories/foundations-discovery-honouring-work-canadian-researcher-dr-frank-graham

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Capacitors store energy like static electricity. Imagine two metal plates one positively charged and one negatively charged, really close together but not touching. Until something does connect them and a surge of electrons move to cancel out the charge.

Same kind of potential energy you have built up whenever you touch a metal door knob and it shocks you. Lightning is also a form of static electricity discharge.

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Batteries how ever work chemically. They exploit a type of chemical reaction often called a redox reaction, in which, two dissimilar materials (like lead and lead oxide in a car battery) give or take electrons from one another.

This same kind of chemical reaction is also how your body produces electricity to live. There are lots of details removed, but the both reactions are redox reactions.

I'm starting to see how and why this is done. The signal processing opens up many possibilities and capabilities. Thank you.

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Typically they're waiting for ideal environmental conditions.

Insects are ectothermic (cold blooded) so they can only operate when its warm outside, and many species use diapause to hibernate safely through the winter. Insects will go into diapause in their eggs or pupae (cocoons) which are much more resilient than their adult bodies, and build their pupae in safe, warm places like underground, deep in trees, or under decaying leaf matter where it doesn't go below freezing during the winter, emerging from their pupae when it gets warm enough.

Many insects also struggle to manage dehydration as adults, so they'll go into diapause during dry seasons and emerge as adults in the wet seasons.

There are surface biomarkers which are upregulated in certain cancers. CD155 in glioblastoma is an example.

Also, plenty of mechanisms for regulating death and division are on the surface. Growth factor receptors, apoptotic receptors, matrix attachment proteins. Yeah, lots of oncogenes code for membrane proteins. The houses do not all look the same.

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