TL;DR at bottom again.

Not quite, though one could argue the result is the same for basic tasks. Plants have no muscle or nerve system in a traditional sense. Plants use their cell walls to do this, which animal cells lack, possessing only a membrane.

The responses to stimuli and ion flow in a plant happen on a cell to cell basis, though cells can communicate through tunnels in their cell walls, known as plasmodesmata, and I'm sure you could find studies where hormones diffuse into neighboring cells.

Muscles move by having ropes of cells packed very thickly together, and shorten or lengthening by having millions of microscopic hands working together to pull along/against surrounding muscle cells (this is a layman's allegory, if you want a more in-depth look, search cross-bridge cycling in muscular tissue). Plants, as stated before, rely on water pressure in cells to flex their wall filaments in certain directions, more akin to how hydraulics work.

TL;DR: Plants do not have muscles or nerves, but can appear to accomplish tasks in a different manner.

But, this is good, even though the vaccine is different. Because a vaccine is already developed. It wouldn't be a significant change to include vaccination against this into current flu vaccinations. That, and we already have quite a lot of experience with flu vaccines. So, this saves a lot of development and approval time on deployment. That's awesome. Now, the current populations education level regarding vaccination is less awesome.

Do You realize that our solving a maze is just following what we see?

Do You realize a rat solving a maze could do that just by smelling food or from memory?

[removed]

Is production still prohibitively expensive? Those properties seem like a good fit for roads in places with extreme temperature swings.

Fish can have great memories despite the ongoing negative press; my old goldfish would often remind me that it was 5pm and thus feeding time

[removed]

This all sounds like it's very much an analogue to nerves and muscles.

Do plants then just have their own versions?

[deleted]

[removed]

I'm confused now... You had said They provide significant increases in tensile strength which is hard to achieve in concrete. but it's also not as good as rebar? Is the idea to use both?

[removed]

[deleted]

TL;DR at bottom

Plants "respond" to stimuli through a process known as tropism, and two or possibly three of these stimuli are present: thigmotropism (response to movement or touch), phototropism (response to light), and chemotropism (response to chemical stimuli; I list this one as UV light may breakdown substances on the surface of the plant to trigger a response).

These responses aren't so much a thought process as much as a reflex, such as if your knee reflex triggers without thought if hit in the right spot. Plants responding to these stimuli have what I'd describe as spring-loaded traps on the surface of each cell, ready to trigger with the right application. It is much like cell receptors waiting for a specific hormone to bind to a site before expressing a response.

When that trigger is met, a group of ions makes it way down a pathway to make a cell to increase it's uptake of water or decrease its uptake (this is through osmosis, and creating a hypotonic or hypertonic environment in the cell). When you have groups of cells in one region suddenly increase their water uptake and others decrease the amount they hold, the plant will flex in a certain direction, resulting in plant movement. These movements usually aren't drastic as with specialized plants like touch-me-nots and Venus flytraps. With the pea plant it would occur over hours.

Interesting to note that touch response can also influence the final structure of a plant, where it will alter how it grows , known as thigmomorphogenesis. These growth response are exaggerated at the tips of roots and tendrils, or meristems. This is how you will find trees that have branches arranged around structures or influenced by wind.

TL:DR: plants have specialized receptors for light, touch, and chemicals that tell groups of cells to increase or decrease water uptake making the plant bend.

[removed]

CNT have beem shown to accumulate in living tissues, similar to asbestus fibers. AFAIK this was one of the biggest concers in adoption of nanomaterials, as it creates a lot of problems regarding pollution and disposal. Concerning the use of concrete, has this problem been addressed?

[removed]

There’s likely to be some cross-reactivity between human immunity to circulating influenza viruses (especially H1N1) and avian H5N1, but whether it’s enough to prevent (or reduce the severity of) disease is unclear.

But in essence. To “think” requires neurons. The answer would be yes. All things that think has neurons.

[removed]

[removed]

> And i don't think memory is considered to be a sign of any high intellogence

Really? Every model of intelligence I'm familiar with includes memory as a significant component. Without some form of memory, one is unable to make predictions.

Without predictions, one is restricted to a completely static reactionary model. Iteration is impossible without memory.

If the use of "species" is non-scientific I could possibly see it. Like if they say "whale" counts for one instead of listing the 90+ species of cetaceans. Arteriodactyls alone have some ~350 species to them, and while some are puny most are certainly >100lbs full grown.

The fact that the plant “remembered” the ride after 2 months is pretty impressive.

[removed]