Probably both. Water flows slowest right next to the bottom or sides of the river and faster out in the central. deeper parts, farther from contact with the ground. So in a flooded river, the middle part is even deeper and therefore faster than usual, but the parts that have spread out onto the shallow flood plain move much slower than usual

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Someone who believes in flat earth is denying dozens of obvious sources of proof. It's difficult to guess what is "best" for arguing with a person in that state of mind.

For a gas like air, temperature is related to the spread in molecular velocities, not the average molecular velocity.

Wind feels cool due to convective heat transfer. In still air, your skin loses heat to the air a millimeter away, but that air is now a bit hotter itself, and it can transfer heat back to you. In a breeze, the air next to your skin is constantly replaced with new air at the average temperature of your environment. This is also why clothing keeps you warm-- it creates a barrier between the air next to your body and the air in the environment so they don't mix.

Just from an energy point since i havent seen it addressed, assuming they were fired with the same amount of force, the one not spinning would be traveling faster since some of the kinetic energy got spread out to make the bullet spin. At least in the magic scenario

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As I understand it, the faster the molecules in a substance are moving the higher the temperature. If this is the case, how come wind makes things feel cooler? Wouldn't the molecules be hitting us at a higher rate, it seems that wind should make things feel warmer.

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At what rate does iron sublimate?

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There is increases in sediment load with increased water depth and hydraulic gradient (2 of the 3 major components to shear stress at the channel bottom), but that suspended sediment is marginally going to affect water velocity, and in ways that are terribly difficult to quantify. Larger waterborne debris could have a larger effect as trees or boulders deposit temporarily causing local scour or eddy currents.

Bed characteristics such as sediment type can be an identifier of what roughness (ie friction) the water will face at the boundary. The scoured bottom, a function of grain size, may also have localized effects to velocity, similar to the debris mentioned above. Small pockets form holes or preferred paths along the bed.

If you’re about to argue that a vacuum which is surrounded by matter doesn’t exert force, you are gonna make my day.

I think of myself as an expert on the biological basis of homosexuality, and concur with the statement above. I published several papers on the topic, including the 1999 Williams Nature paper that I cited below, before my professional interests turned exclusively to neurobiology.

As I noted below, the fraternal birth order effect is the most well-established finding we currently have on the cause of male homosexuality, and it is amenable to an epigenetic intepretation. For example, circumstantial evidence suggests that increasing parity immunizes or innoculates mothers against HY antigens, which *could* underlie the development of male homosexuality. Such a mechanism would probably involve immune cells and cytokines from the mother passing through the placenta and influencing epigenetic marks on the developing fetus' genome. That, in turn, could influence brain and bodily development.

EDIT: Note that the fraternal birth order finding implies that something occurs in utero to affect the psychosexual development of the male fetus in a way that heightens the likelihood that the boy will be gay. We do not know what that something is.

It is considered well-established in this field that prenatal androgen levels sexually differentiate the brain and the body in a male-like direction. Abundant evidence supports this general idea. And since sexual attraction is a sexually dimorphic trait (most men are attracted to women and only women, and vice versa), its reasonable to suppose that something about prenatal androgen could be involved in male homosexuality.

If have a weird idea locked in my head for a few days now and it's kinda speculative.

Let's assume its possible to set up an array of scalable mirrors or prisms relatively close to the sun. The goal is creating a focused beam of sunlight.

1. Which body in our solar system would be the best candidate to point the ray on if you want a long or constant target to aim this beam at?

2. How big would the mirror array / prisms have to be to realize it? (I'm aware it might depend on the distance towards the sun, but maybe theres a "sweet spot" when you have a designated target)

3. Would the beam be visible to the human eyes?

Maybe someone around here can help me clean my head up by answering this.

On Titan, we observe rivers/ lakes of liquid methane. Are there any theories as to exactly how it interacts with the solid ice & what unique erosional features may form?

Yeah, it's definitely not right in the details. Maybe I shouldn't have emphasized "ever" so much. But my goal was more to dispel much bigger misconceptions that went into the question rather than cover all the little details of how these horizons work.

I don't think there's really a good way to answer these complex questions that were formulated based on a lot of complete misunderstandings of what these words even mean. At least not while still sticking to just words. But saying "nothing will ever appear to be moving at C from our point of view" was probably a bad choice. But it would be true if the hubble sphere never changed in size.

The fact that we can see light from galaxies with recession velocities higher than C is one of those facts that is truly awesome to point out, but is pretty much guaranteed to just confuse someone who probably has only learned about cosmology through popular science.

I do not think this is quite right, though perhaps I misunderstood you. See this StackExchange discussion as well as the paper linked in one of the responses. From the abstract of that article:

> we can observe galaxies that have, and always have had, recession velocities greater than the speed of light.

This one might be a bit weird, but can a System with outet Wilds scale work? If so how? Also how can Luna moth live a week without eating?

If nebulae are composed (at least partially) of gas, wouldn't that gas just expand outwards in a vacuum and disperse?

Is there some gravitational source retaining the gas?

Firstly, don't do this. It's unsafe and illegal in most places to make a skydive when you don't have a clear view of the intended landing spot. It's also very easy to become disoriented! It's particularly dangerous to jump at the same time as other skydivers with limited visibility!

But if you were bailing out of an aircraft in immediate distress and this took you through some clouds... you'd get wet, and probably not enjoy it. You're hitting moisture droplets (and many times... FROZEN moisture droplets) at the 200 kph terminal velocity that you're falling. There will be some sting on any exposed skin.

And finally, remember that clouds aren't an isolated phenomenon... they're indicators of weather activity, and that activity is USUALLY an UPDRAFT... rising currents of air are taking warm moist air from near the ground and lifting it up into colder layers to form condensation. While that's not much of an issue for you during freefall... once you pull the ripcord and have a parachute hanging over your head... an updraft can be a significant issue for you in getting to the ground in the place and time that you'd prefer to, unless you have a lot of experience controlling your descent rate. Experienced skydivers can handle a variety of steady winds, but gusts and turbulence can pose a real danger. In the fore mentioned ejecting from an aircraft in distress, this is an even bigger issue as they may have reduced ability to control the parachute and can be held aloft long enough to cause significant exposure injuries!

The strongest data we have on the cause of male homosexuality is the fraternal birth order effect, which says that the likelihood of being gay increases with each additional older brother. This phenomenon can be interpreted as a genetic effect if the hypothetical gene(s) predispose women to greater fertility - more likely to have more children. That predisposition to have more children, coupled to a predisposition to launch an immune response to cellular 'male-ness' could explain the fraternal birth order effect.

This finding was supported by a 2000 paper by Williams et al, which found that finger length ratio in gay men, a physical characteristic set before birth, is related to their fraternal birth order.

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So how can this Hubble Horizon exist in a distance smaller than the observable universe? Everything outside that Horizon should not be visible because it's moving faster than light right

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The water is moving due to gravity and it is braked due to frictional forces, with the land roughness at the bottom of the water column and with other water molecules at the top. Not hard to guess in what direction those two frictional terms are modified during a flood.