The immune response to an infection can cause inflammation in the brain, which can affect the functioning of the hippocampus, a brain region involved in memory formation. In addition, certain types of infections can directly affect the brain and cause cognitive impairment.

Research has shown that acute illness, such as a viral infection, can lead to temporary memory impairment. For example, one study found that people with a cold or flu had poorer cognitive performance than healthy individuals, including poorer working memory and processing speed

Yes, because you and your sibling were brought up in a culture that approves of or at least acknowledges the existence of homosexuality.

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I can't find a source, but the government of India (pop. > 1 billion) stated that there are no lesbians in India. No doubt many lesbian-attracted people stayed identified as straight as a result.

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Wasn't the fraternal birth order effect based on an underpowered, p-hacked study? Or have there since been better ones?

What would this look like from the point of view of the poor sob who falls in? Which effect gets to him first, time dialation or tidal strain (assuming he falls straight in and doesnt begin to orbit)?

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The rock types of the inner planets — Mercury through Mars — are basically the same. Earth has more variety because it’s got plate tectonics and water on the surface, but most of the minerals on these worlds are stuff we recognize from Earth, and the major components of the bulk planets are the same.

You mentioned Titan though. The moons of many of the outer planets are largely made of water ice. Out there, water is just a type of rock. (You could argue water is a mineral here on Earth too, especially if you live up north, but if it is it’s a weird one.)

Two other types of “minerals” appear in the outer solar system that are nothing like what we see on Earth. First, many of the outer moons’ surfaces are covered with dark or reddish materials that we can’t identify precisely but seem to be organic carbon compounds of some sort. Second, many of the larger moons have water ice layers so thick that exotic new types of ice form in the high pressure interior.

And in the extreme outer solar system (beyond Neptune), nitrogen becomes a solid ice that could be considered a mineral as well.

Titan in particular has probably has a lot of organic schmoo on top of a water ice crust, a liquid water layer under that a high pressure ice layer under that, and then a core of traditional rocky minerals at the center.

https://openstax.org/books/astronomy-2e/pages/7-2-composition-and-structure-of-planets

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/saturn-moons/titan/in-depth.amp

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>That depends on where A and B are and what your trajectory is in the case with the star

The star is located between A and B the trajectory goes through gravitational field of the star. Through space "warped" by the star.

By "point" I mean region of space. English is not my first language, sorry for misunderstandings

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Sphaghettification is not linked to the event horizon, or necessarily black holes or general relativity at all. For a supermassive black hole, spaghettification would not occur until well within the event horizon. For a stellar black hole, spaghettification would occur outside the event horizon.

Even just strictly following Newtonian mechanics, the tidal forces from being sufficiently close to a sufficiently high and compact mass would stretch you out and rip you apart. Of course, Newtonian gravity is not a very good approximation in situations where that would apply to objects as small as the human body, let alone molecules. (But for large objects, see Roche limit and the "stretch marks" on Mars' moon Phobos caused by tides.)

This is a good point, a human could actually fall through an event horizon without knowing. Gravity doesn't increase linearly with distance. So at some point when you get close enough to the singularity gravity experienced by your head and feet could be immensely different, but I can't imagine anyone falling that deep could survive long enough to get to that point.

Is it too late to ask a question?

Are there places in the solar system where there are "pleasant" temperatures? Or are all places either a bazillion in the sun and minus a bajillion in the shade?

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That depends on where A and B are and what your trajectory is in the case with the star.

> Lets assume we have some point in space and we travel through it twice.

If you consider travel from A to B then looking at a single point isn't sufficient.

:)

Seriously though, in normal conditions there isn't much water in the normal river bed that is standing fairly still, although of course there is some.

In flood conditions, in broad flood plains, there may be a vast expanse of water that is barely moving.

How large does something have to be, though, before tidal forces can be destructive? Sure, something the size of the Earth can experience, well... tides... But down at human size how much can the difference between the force on your head and your feet really be? Is it just a function of the immensity of the overall force? And if the underlying force is that immense, might it distort space itself enough to limit the actual effect experienced on the occupying matter?

> But is it a separation of molecules? That is, would an object just rip apart into pieces?

It's this one.

Tidal forces stretch objects along the radial direction (toward and away from the gravitating body) and compress them along the other directions. Spaghettification is the result of tidal forces taken to the extreme.

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The answer is that the distribution of cells bearing the mutation(s) is spatially restricted, local to the organ that hosts the tumor. For example, a squamous cell carcinoma results from mutations in dermal skin cells, causing cancerous growth. The mutated cells are limited to the tumor itself. Hence, removal of the tumor will remove all of the mutated cells. Some cancers can become malignant and will spread to other organs. The mutated cells are defined by the original parent tumor and the sites of metastasis where those cells have migrated, elsewhere in the body.

Some cancers come back because whatever treatment - surgery, chemo, immunotherapy - has failed to eradicate all of the cells bearing the cancer-causing mutations.

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