Wouldn't patients lying flat in bed all day experience a similar issue?

Sorry but I'm fairly sure this answer is incorrect on almost every point. You should double-check your statements online briefly, consider making corrections as appropriate, and maybe cite the sources you use in your answer.

Your question makes several simplifying assumptions, which is understandable because almost every depiction of a neuron in pop culture is of a stereotypical pyramidal neuron, common in many interesting parts of the brain, which have the single long axon and big bushy tail of dendrites. But as you can see from the link, the axon also has a lot of projections on its end and indeed can connect to thousands of other neurons in different parts of the brain (in this type).

In terms of how information is relayed, that depends on where the neurons are located and what type they are. But sticking with these pyramidal neurons in the brain, the transmission, processing, and storage are all part of the same procedure as a neuron, upon receiving enough input signals of enough strength in enough time, will then fire a signal (action potential) of its own down its axon to the neurons it connects to. The storage part is achieved when many more signals come along one connection than another, the former connection is strengthened while the latter is weakened. (This synaptic plasticity has the common description of "Those that fire together wire together.") The principle of how all this works is exploited when we build artificial neural nets, as used in AI. Getting into that will get even more off-topic.

This issue isn't fully understood, and would be tough to reproduce outside of space flight. From reports I've read it takes up to a full 24 hours of being in zero G before the effect kicks in. That would be too long to simulate in most experiments on Earth ( such as on parabolic flights which give zero G in bursts of like 30 seconds). Personally I doubt you would need a full 1 G to mitigate this smell and taste issue, but realistically if you were going to use rotational simulated gravity, you would want something closer to a full 1G for the other benefits (such as keeping up bone density and muscle mass).

For you and the sake of others: this answer is entirely incorrect. Neurons don't work this way and photoreceptors don't work this way at all.

>with blood and fluids not being pulled down by gravity, your head tends to be more full of fluids than normal, and it feels like a mild cold congestion all the time.

I'd be interested in knowing what is the minimum G you need to avoid this. Creating 1G in space via spinning is very problematic, but making .05G would be easy. Would it help?

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I never understood the birth canal thing

a) why are stomach bacteria smeared all inside the cows vagina?

b) how does birth canal bacteria get inside the calf’s 4 stomachs? Does the calf sort of smear it’s mouth on everything while being born then lick it’s lips once it’s out?

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One common issue with most astronauts in zero g is that they tend to lose or lessen their sense of smell and taste. This causes them to crave spicier food more while on the ISS than when on Earth.

Here's an article about the topic

In summary, with blood and fluids not being pulled down by gravity, your head tends to be more full of fluids than normal, and it feels like a mild cold congestion all the time. This doesn't seriously impact your digestion or anything, but is just a minor annoyance. Keeping morale high on stressful missions is important, so having good spicy food in space is still important.

the same way as in humans, they ingest some of the mothers excrement, both vaginal and anal, during birth. they've started transferring excrement from the mother to the baby during cesarean births in some hospitals because it improves the gut health of the newborn significantly.

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This was awesome and gave me such a nerdboner. Thank you for sharing your expertise!

Neurons receive a large amount of information from other neurons, and the dendrites' role is to integrate and process this information. The information is then filtered, and only the relevant information is transmitted along the axon to other neurons. The more dendrites you have, the more information you can receive.

The filtering of information occurs through a process known as synaptic plasticity, where the strength of the synapses between neurons can be adjusted based on the input received. Inhibitory neurotransmitters can also play a role in filtering information, as they can decrease the likelihood that an action potential will be generated in the neuron.

Let’s say you have nerves for sensing pain on the tip of your index. They all need to cross the same path to make their way to the spinal cord (dorsal horn). So the body has lots of these pain sensing nerves on the tip of your fingers that connect to a larger neuron that fires a strong and incredibly fast signal to the dorsal horn. Then we get a signal that fires back from spinal cord level to your finger to pull it back and then the process gets processed in the brain.

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Basically all matter acts differently in different pressures. Water freezes on Mars at 31.5 degrees and boils near 33 IIRC. Stars literally cause atoms to fuse and make new heavier atoms and all the energy we rely on that comes to earth from the sun.

So yes it's certainly special compared to the properties we know at 1 atmosphere of pressure. I would say it's still the properties of these elements and just a special environment that brings out their rare for our environments traits.

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