Recent comments in /f/askscience
masshiker t1_jdn641i wrote
Reply to comment by CrateDane in Why does tetanus vaccination lasts longer than influenza vaccination? by E-C-A
When I was younger they taught that vaccines were only for viruses but now it gets applied to bacterial treatments as well.
CrateDane t1_jdn4jyc wrote
Influenza is caused by RNA viruses with a segmented genome, so they can mutate and escape immunity very quickly. Tetanus is caused by certain soil bacteria that don't mutate nearly so rapidly (and aren't under as much selection pressure to escape human immunity, as they mainly live in soil).
wildfire393 t1_jdn441v wrote
Influenza is a lot more common and contagious, which gives it much more opportunity to mutate. Often these mutations will allow it to bypass a previous vaccine that was formulated for an older version. So a new vaccine needs to be developed to deal with the new strain.
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monkeyselbo t1_jdn2ebe wrote
Reply to The two retinas are tied/linked together in the brain. Are they tied 1:1, so that each retinal point corresponds to the same retinal point in the other eye? I.e., each retinal point from one eye shares the same binocular neuron with its counterpoint in the other eye? by ch1214ch
Here's a nice color-coded diagram of the visual pathways. By tracing the lines, you can see that the left visual field (blue in the diagram) for both ends goes to the right side of the brain, and the right visual field (green) goes to the left. Keep in mind that the lens of the eye flips the image. Top of visual field becomes bottom of retina, left becomes right, etc. So the signals for a particular point in your visual field end up on different neurons. The brain then synthesizes the image. There is a considerable amount of brain volume devoted to visual processing.
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theplushpairing t1_jdn1k4f wrote
Reply to comment by Pyroclastic_Hammer in How does the rabies virus actually compel the host to bite? How does it know how to tell the brain to bite another living thing? by Lettuce-b-lovely
Here’s what his victim looks like after 1 year of healing
Aristocrafied t1_jdn1i71 wrote
Reply to The two retinas are tied/linked together in the brain. Are they tied 1:1, so that each retinal point corresponds to the same retinal point in the other eye? I.e., each retinal point from one eye shares the same binocular neuron with its counterpoint in the other eye? by ch1214ch
Not the scientific answer you seek but: I have a lazy eye that sits at about +6 I don't know if that is when it is focussed to the max or when relaxed. But I notice when I cover my good eye, objects are a lot smaller. So it can't have a one to one ratio with my good eye.
thagreentee t1_jdn1fge wrote
Reply to Does lactose malabsorption mean we do not get nutrition from consuming dairy? It is said that 70% of world population has lactose malabsorption by ayykayy
It just means that the lactose (milk sugar) doesnt get broken down and therefore cannot be absorbed. It then continues its path through your digestive tract where it acts osmotically (attracts water) and gets fermented by bacteria, causing the typical symptoms.
Theres lots of other good stuff in milk like calcium, phosphate and all vitamins. This can be absorbed normally (see comments).
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kaoscurrent t1_jdn04ba wrote
Reply to comment by Pyroclastic_Hammer in How does the rabies virus actually compel the host to bite? How does it know how to tell the brain to bite another living thing? by Lettuce-b-lovely
I still remember this like it was yesterday. My friends and I were so sure it was the start of the zombie apocalypse
OurUrbanFarm t1_jdn01co wrote
Reply to comment by sciguy52 in How does the rabies virus actually compel the host to bite? How does it know how to tell the brain to bite another living thing? by Lettuce-b-lovely
This is the correct answer. In my years working in wildlife rehabilitation, I handled multiple rabies positive animals, primarily infected bats and fox and one skunk. Each of them displayed symptoms typical of distemper, which, in many wild animals, can cause neurological disorders.
They are often confused, are incapable of fleeing and are therefore, more likely to bite because they are more likely to come in contact with humans.
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PezzoGuy t1_jdmlaqe wrote
Reply to comment by the_quark in How does the rabies virus actually compel the host to bite? How does it know how to tell the brain to bite another living thing? by Lettuce-b-lovely
Funny enough, the zombie virus from the game Dying Light is a strain of rabies based on this very misconception.
Granted, for video game logic, "less fear of attacking/biting others" to "active desire to attack/bite others" isn't the worst jump in logic I've seen.
upicked11 t1_jdmio23 wrote
Reply to How does the rabies virus actually compel the host to bite? How does it know how to tell the brain to bite another living thing? by Lettuce-b-lovely
Animals get agitated and suffer immensely. The one thing rabies does that is spectacular is that it make it really hard to swallow anything while greatly increasing saliva production.
That is because the virus propagated with saliva and stooping the host from swallowing helps keep a higher concentration of the virus in the mouth.
Animals go crazy aggressive, with good reasons:
"A new study published in the journal Scientific Reports shows how a small piece of the rabies virus can bind to and inhibit certain receptors in the brain that play a crucial role in regulating the behavior of mammals. This interferes with communication in the brain and induces frenzied behaviors that favor the transmission of the virus."
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/10/171011091847.htm
Dr_Baby_Man t1_jdn689c wrote
Reply to comment by thagreentee in Does lactose malabsorption mean we do not get nutrition from consuming dairy? It is said that 70% of world population has lactose malabsorption by ayykayy
Yes, but GI transit time is affected by the osmotic load, and therefore reduces the amount of nutrients absorbed.