The elephant in your video is not a good example because it's front two legs are hobbled together by chains. You can see them through the dust just barely, and hear them in the sound. This is not a natural movement by an elephant.

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>Twerking is on the table though, but perhaps not literally.

I feel confident that elephants can twerk in a purely metaphysical sense.

I agree with you that the elephant's front legs are chained, causing him to run like that. This answered my question. Thank you very much.

Does the non-spherical shape of the core and mantle layers play into this? Like, does the field become stronger in areas where the friction between layers force mantle material to flow differently.

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I just watched a film about Muybridge on Amazon and it was so interesting. Until his photo studies, we really didn't know what a gallop looked like. Looking back at earlier war paintings with galloping horses, their legs are all splayed out like they're jumping over a hedge, but in reality they're curled up under the body when they're all off the ground.

He was an interesting character too. Definitely worth a watch.

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You are right about moving fast is not the same as gallop. But in the question I only mean his running pattern, not the speed.

This answered my question. Thank you very much.

Correct. The term is Enthalpy

All transfer flows ‘downhill’ from hot to cold

gallop and canter are a physical capability, nothing to do with looks. just like a human moving fast is not galloping, neither is an elephant. so regardless of what it looks like now you know :)

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That "fat labrador bounding" (pretty accurate description lol) is unfortunately not a natural motion but is caused by this elephant's front legs being hobbled together by chains. Example pic of chain hobbles on another elephant.

In OPs vid, you can hear the chains rattle and see them connecting the front legs together as the animal moves. Trying to run while hobbled is what's causing the unnatural 'bounding' gait pattern of this elephant.

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In OP's video example, that elephant's front legs are hobbled - that's when you rope or chain together (as in this case) a pair of legs to restrict an animal's natural range of motion, movement ability, and speed.

You can hear the chains rattle as the elephant moves, as well as see the hobbles, especially when the animal is close to the camera, like around 25 seconds into the video. The hobbles are causing this elephant to have an unusual gait.

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They did in a few cultures. But most cultures were not consuming rice and bread 10.000 years ago.

The ones that did have sugary diets many thousands of years ago, like the egyptians, also happen to be the ones who practiced early forms of dental care.

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Wow! Thank you for that. I had no idea about almost any of this.

Good news: even without an appendix, your gut still recovers completely after massive diarrhea, antibiotics, etc. Your gut has other reservoirs for good bacteria.

The case against appendectomies is weak, but growing. We know the appendix does good stuff, but that good stuff is small and is significantly outweighed by risk.

Background: appendicitis is inflammation in one of your internal organs, usually resulting in catastrophic failure. The appendix is like a fragile balloon, the inflammation easily causes it to rupture, spilling bacteria and infection into your internal body cavity.

Pre-surgical intervention in ~1800 and something, it was close to 100% death.

Modern practice: three methods of treatment. (1) do nothing, observe, (2) strong dose of antibiotics, (3) surgical removal.

The timing for (2) is difficult and the consequences of failure are bad. There is a risk/reward calculation. Step (2) you avoid surgery, which has some small potential of things going wrong. But if it escalates, you are now starting stage (3) anyway but with slightly higher risk than earlier in the day. Roughly, 40% of antibiotic treatments need to progress to surgery. 10% of early patients have complications such as perforation (e.g. burst appendix, long recovery, more drugs), but 30% of late patients develop complications. If surgical resources are available, let's just do that now rather than let it get worse.

We evaluate all risks. Risk of early surgery, risk of later surgery, availability of resources, immediate and long term life style risks.

We know appendectomy changes your gut microbiome. Not necessarily worse, just different.

For instance, regular population about 35 people in 100,000 develop colo-rectal cancer. After an appendix, that goes up to ~70 in 100,000. Note: still a 99.9+% nobody develops that type of cancer.