Recent comments in /f/dataisbeautiful

TROPtastic t1_j45dzf9 wrote

Diving into the Sources in Our World in Data, there's this in a linked PDF:

>Definition: This indicator presents the share of employment which is classified as informal employment in the total economy, and separately in agriculture and in non-agriculture.

>Concepts: Employment comprises all persons of working age who, during a short reference period (one week), were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit. Informal employment comprises persons who in their main or secondary jobs were in one of the following categories:

>- Own-account workers, employers and members of producers’ cooperatives employed in their own informal sector enterprises (the characteristics of the enterprise determine the informal nature of their jobs);

  • Own-account workers engaged in the production of goods exclusively for own final use by their household (e.g. subsistence farming);
  • Contributing family workers, regardless of whether they work in formal or informal sector enterprises (they usually do not have explicit, written contracts of employment, and are not subject to labour legislation, social security regulations, collective agreements, etc., which determines the informal nature of their jobs);
  • Employees holding informal jobs, whether employed by formal sector enterprises, informal sector enterprises, or as paid domestic workers by households (employees are considered to have informal jobs if their employment relationship is, in law or in practice, not subject to national labour legislation, income taxation, social protection or entitlement to certain employment benefits). For the purpose of classifying persons into formal or informal employment for this indicator, only the characteristics of the main job are considered. An enterprise belongs to the informal sector if it fulfils the three following conditions:
  • It is an unincorporated enterprise (it is not constituted as a legal entity separate from its owners, and it is owned and controlled by one or more members of one or more households, and it is not a quasi- corporation: it does not have a complete set of accounts, including balance sheets);
  • It is a market enterprise (it sells at least some of the goods or services it produces);
  • The enterprise is not registered or the employees of the enterprise are not registered or the number of persons engaged on a continuous basis is below a threshold determined by the country.
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bad_apiarist t1_j45cik3 wrote

Agreed. Though I'd also argue that if you could do that, if you had a base of potential customers worth trillions of dollars over a few years.. well you'd increase production and build that infrastructure... starting years ago, whether there's a euro crisis or not. Why leave trillions of dollars on the table? But Russia largely hasn't done that (yeah I am oversimplifying here, Russia has made such efforts to improve base and supply, but faces physical and political obstacles etc. but I think the main point stands).

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LurkingChessplayer t1_j4532re wrote

I don’t understand why people are acting like this reflects poorly on house republicans? Like, they aren’t just blindly following the establishment, and are instead forcing concessions in return for their support. If people like AOC did this she’d be praised as fighting for the progressive wing, not lambasted for her party being disorganized

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Luemery t1_j44ze3u wrote

Reply to comment by frankIIe in South American Forests [OC] by symmy546

It would, wouldn't it? That's because it had more forest! A lot more actually.

South/southeast Brazil is home to the Mata Atlântica, another absurdly biodiverse biome Brazil used to have. But, being the main point of the conquest added to the high mountains right after the coastline, along other things, most of the forest is gone today.

We lost 85% of the gorgeous forests that marked our south/southest and, unfortunately, are at risk of losing a lot of the north as well. We lost almost 20% in the last 50 years, and are near a tipping point where the Amazon might collapse into a huge savannah.

Even worse, the last 4 years of government were marked by a blatant disregard of the situation and record deforesting. Good news is that prick is out :)

My point being: people need to be held accountable for our forests, and that starts with people thinking we'd look better with more of them.

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Big_Migger69 t1_j44z4nq wrote

Kevin McCarthy needed 218 votes from the House of Representatives to become the Speaker of the House on round 1 he didn't get enough, so another round of voting occurred a bit later fast forward 14 more rounds and by round 15 he got the votes.

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terrykrohe OP t1_j44xmww wrote

comments w/r AR, LA, NY, NJ metrics

Purpose
– the "forest": Previous posts (summary post, 14Apr2022) did not identify the individual states. The overall non-random, top/bottom, Rep/Dem differentiation was the point. Curiously, this differentiation persisted within the Rep/Dem state groupings – for example, as Rep states' R:D vote ratio increased, their infant mortality increased and their suicide rates increased (see posts 07Apr, 21Apr)

.– the "trees": This post presents four individual states and their metrics for comparison.
– z-scores are used so that dimensionless comparison can be done
– note: a negative z-score of a negative metric is considered positive

Comparing and Contrasting the four states ...
i) two Dem states and two Rep states: ranking the states, NY and NJ are at the top end and AR and LA are in the bottom end
ii) the z-scores show why: NY and NJ have large (+) values for positive metrics and large (–) values for negative metrics
iii) compare with AR and LA: both AR and LA have large (–) values for (+) metrics; and large (+) values for negative metrics
iv) LA is curious ... being middle-of-the-road for Predictor metrics
v) the AR large (+) evangelical value stands out compared with the NY and NJ large (–) values for the evangelical Predictor metric
vi) NJ is very urban (the most urban state)
vii) the NY and NJ diversity* values are large – no. 3 and no. 2 (HI is no. 1)
viii) contrasting the Rep and Dem states: the suicide, opioid dispensing rate, and incarceration rate differences are remark-able

similar visuals of other states' metric z-scores:
TX, AZ, FL, GA posted 02Jun2022
ND, SD, WA, OR posted 09Jun
AL, MS, CT, RI posted 14Jul
IL, IN, OH, PA posted 08Sep
NH, MA, NE, IA posted 15Sep
KS, MO, ID, MT posted 13Oct
UT, OK, CO, NM posted 10Nov
NC, SC, DE, MD posted 08Dec

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terrykrohe OP t1_j44wkbu wrote

sources:

GDP
https://apps.bea.gov/regional/downloadzip.cfm
state taxes
https://wallethub.com/edu/states-with-highest-lowest-tax-burden/20494
suicide rate
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/suicide-mortality/suicide.htm
opioid dispensing rate
https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/maps/rxstate2019.html
life expectancy https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/life_expectancy/life_expectancy.htm
infant mortality https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/infant_mortality_rates/infant_mortality.htm
incarceration rate
https://www.sentencingproject.org/the-facts/#map
state+local ed spending https://www.usgovernmentspending.com/compare_state_spending_2019b20a#copypaste

evangelical
https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/evangelical-protestant/

diversity*
– diversity* = Catholic% + Jewish% + Muslim% + Asian%
– Catholic, Jewish, Muslim populations: https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/compare/religious-tradition/by/state/
– Asian population: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Asian_Americans

rural-urban
– population density https://www.states101.com/populations
– agriculture income https://data.ers.usda.gov/reports.aspx?ID=17839#P9dd070795569412d9525def18d45bde2_4_185iT0R0x0

method for "rural-urban" metric
– population density and agriculture income data values were converted to "standard scores", aka "z-scores": z-score = (data value – mean)/SD (see Wikipedia, "Standard score")
– the z-scores were added and divided by 2; result = the rural/urban metric z-score
– note1: 'urban' means "increasing population density"; 'rural' means "increasing agriculture income as % of state GDP"
for the 'rural' metric to denote a "rural to urban" value, the z-scores for agriculture income were 'reversed' by multiplying by "–1"before adding to the population density z-scores
– note2: for the 'rural-urban' metric ... a negative z-score indicates a "rural" value; a positive z-score indicates an "urban" value

tool: Mathematica

***************

i) all of the metric values have been converted to z-scores; this allows dimension-less comparison and averaging
ii) the red/blue background indicates the state's Rep/Dem Electoral Vote in 2020
iii) in the calculation of the average, "negative metric" values were multiplied by "–1"

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