it depends. there are two types of compression.

lossless compression has to goal to restore each and every bit exactly, this is needed for things like e.g. program code, word documents or just generally any file which you don't know what the content represents. this type of compression works by finding patterns of bits which are present many times in the file (like e.g. a string of 8 zeros) and assingning them a shorter pattern (e.g. only two zeros).

the other type of compression is lossy compression and is used e.g. for images, video and sound files (like .jpg or .mp3). this works by only keeping the information that is perceptible to humans. in a image that could mean e.g. smoothing edges to be less sharp but only to a degree thats barely noticeably to the human eye. this is also where the wierd effect next to black and white text of memes which have been repostet a lot comes from. see e.g this website

generally lossy comoression is much more powerful than lossless compression, since it does not need to be able to reproduce each bit exactly. it only needs to provide a result which is quite close to the original considering the limits of human perception

In general, there's two types of compression: Lossy compression and lossless compression.

With lossy compression, imperceptible details are thrown away. An example is JPEG or MP3. You don't need every visual detail in a picture to see it's beauty much like most people don't need to hear the highest frequencies to appreciate their music. And if this information is thrown away, it doesn't need to be stored, resulting in smaller file sizes.

On the other hand, lossless compression simply stores the information in a more clever and efficient way. As an example, I might want to store the text "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA" which takes up 30 letters. A compression algorithm might see that in fact, this is the same letter repeated 30 times and store the same text like so: "30*A" which only requires 4 letters. When reading this file, a decompression algorithm will simply do the inverse and output my 30 As again, resulting in no information being lost. More advanced algorithms usually recognize more patterns and some specialized compression algorithms (like for instance PNG for images) employ particular characteristics of the data to store it in a smarter way.

Pretty much every industry that deals with colour uses Pantone. My wife works in clothing design and manufacturing, and they use Pantone. Industrial design uses Pantone.

A lot of pantone colors are actually a mix of more basic pantone inks. For example Pantone 7416 U can be created by mixing 16,70% Pantone Yellow, 16,70% Pantone Rubine red and 66,60% Pantone Transparent white.

You still need to carry a lot more inks than just the standard CMYK, but its somewhat manageable. For large runs you just buy the pre mixed inks, but for smaller jobs you can mix them yourself.

It is more expensive, and you would not have all Pantone colors available. But, as a printing house, when your customer like for example DHL tells you: "I need cardstock for 1 million envelopes printed with our logo, and it has to be PMS 2035 C red on PMS 116 C yellow." then you buy that exact inks from a printing ink manufacturer and print your cardstock - and if your paper was the correct brightness and the ink manufacturer has mixed the inks correctly, the colors will be perfect on the first attempt.

That makes a lot of sense. Thank you for the explanation.

So if you have a Pantone color, there’s extra metadata in the file that tells the printer what ink to use? Is that accurate?

RGB is a system for adding colors of light. This is always at odds with printed work that relies on blocking colors of light from reflecting off a page, as pages generally do not produce their own light.

RGB focuses on three specific wavelengths of light closely corresponding to the three colors most peoples' eyes are most sensitive to. Pantone relies on fourteen base pigments, and attempts to match along the entire spectrum of color.

Meanwhile, Pantone focuses on getting consistent color. A bottle of a certain ink bought decades ago should match with a package of dye purchased in the present day. Even if the pigments are produced using different chemicals, they attempt to match with each other under similar lighting conditions.

Something we take for granted with RGB is that results vary between different devices. The red color chosen by one manufacturer may differ from the red used by another. There can be variation within the model line of a certain device. The same device may show the same color values differently under different conditions (e.g. full daylight vs lights out, blue light filter, new vs old monitor).

Even #000000 black, which every device treats as the absence of light, may not match between different devices. Typical monitors will deflect as much light as they can, but cannot fully prevent a backlight from showing to some degree. Some newer monitors stop generating light, and so produce a darker black.

... So a Pantone printing press has interchangeable/unique ink reservoirs for each pantone? Isn't that impossible to manage or very expensive to maintain a large stock of unique inks? Or do I misunderstand.

Managing expectations is, in my experience, good in almost any circumstance. I guess if someone asked me “do you want exactly the color you have on this sample,” yes seems like an obvious answer unless you know the trade offs.

It’s like FedEx asking whether you want your package delivered the same day it’s shipped. Sure, why not?

This is only possible in exceptional cases where the input data is highly repetitive, such as a simple digital drawing consisting of a few colors. Then the algorithm records how many bytes to repeat instead of writing them out one after the other. This is one of the most basic methods of how compression works.

Other methods include keeping a dictionary of sequences that have been encountered recently with the aim of using references into that table which are shorted than the data they describe, and prediction of a continuous signal, such as subtraction of the previous pixel in a row.

Most normal data that has a meaning is not very repetitive. It contains variations and noise, which make exact matches unlikely to occur. Typically compression achieves a ratio of 25% to 50%.

An "online" algorithm is not a meaningful classification. Perhaps you want to clarify what specific program you mean by online.

A very simple form of compression can remove repeating bytes. So imagine behind the scenes of your file you have a long series of 0x00 (zero represented in hex). That can be condensed to just 1 zero with a marker on how big it actually is (so it knows how long it should be when being decompressed in the future).

And people feel ashamed for what they got so some are less likely to tell. They might tell their partners but who is going to openly admit in public that they have VD?

I find that lots of clients want their print to be 'exactly this colour' yet when we tell them the price (printing with Pantone colours is a lot more expensive), then having the exact colour becomes a lot less important.

Even the same Pantone colour swatch will look different when printed on different stocks (coated verses uncoated stocks etc) as well as lighting conditions, colours next to the PMS colour can also change the perception - so a wise printer will always temper their clients expectations as to what the printed result will be - before they start printing. You get less complaints from clients if you repeatedly and clearly warn them before hand that they will not be exactly the same!

Man, when I was in art school and learned about how crazy specific and controlled corporate colors were it blew my mind.

Well bloodflow is actually airflow in a deeper sense. It needs to get air(oxygen) to your brain for you not to pass out. LoL Edit: it's clearly a joke, why so much dislike 😅

This is because we often detect a sound before we see the predator, so the sound is mostly what triggers us, while when we first are looking at the danger, is it too late.

Every color that a standard human can perceive can be represented by RGB. These are the colors our eyes see. RGB on an electronic display screen is different from how something appears on paper because RGB represents both color and magnitude on a computer screen which is emitting light while RGB in paint pigments is not additive -- it gets darker with each pigment added. This is why red and green on a computer screen produce yellow but red and green paint will produce a crappy shade of brown. Light emission is different from light reflectance. Pantone is just a methodology for simulating how things on the screen will appear in print. There's other crazy stuff happening in our heads when it comes to color. The blue/gold dress is a good example -- the colors around an object influence what color we perceive things as.

Thank you very much!

Jumpscares in movies and videos are meant to startle and surprise us. Our brains release chemicals like adrenaline and cortisol in response to unexpected events, as a way to prepare us to react to potential threats. Even though we know there is no actual danger, our brains still react as if there is a threat.

They have a pretty good video explaining why they use Pantone

Got it💯 why do intense sounds get us jumping on our chair? When the same scene maybe without music ain't scare that much?

These system listen for the same messages that tell the system what number your are dialing and need to be connected to in the first place.

Originally in the day of rotary phones that was pulse dialing but that has long since been replaced by something called DTMF or touch tone.

This system came along with keypads replacing dials. It sends out a combination of two tones for every button you press.

For example all the buttons in the uppermost row of the telephone will produce a 697 Hz tone while all buttons in the leftmost column will produce a 1209 Hz tone.

So pressing one will result in a tone that is a combination of 697 Hz and 1209 Hz. Something like pressing the 5th F and the 6th D Key on a piano at the same time.

The device on the other end can listen to these tones and recognize them.

In the old days these tones were simply send across in the same channel as the normal sounds you make when talking into a receiver.

Modern systems with VoIP can send these signals along as data in a separate channel.

When the system was new people could actually imitate those tones and confuse the automatic switches that listend for them by whistling into a receiver.

That was useful as there were additional tones that for example told the switchboard that somebody had paid money in a pay-phone.

If you knew how to whistle a 2600 hz tone at an AT&T switchboard from one of their payphones you could make phone calls for free.

This was called phreaking.

They could. When you get the clap, you go to the doctor and take an antibiotic. That's it, so if everyone in the world could stop fucking for one day and take a pill, no more Chlamydia!

The problem being good fucking luck with that. People tend to be very irresponsible and even more so when the prospect of having sex is on the cards. Hell it's hard enough to get people to wear condoms and go for regular std checks. Some people think it's totally acceptable behaviour to spread disease as revenge for a cheating ex or whatever.

Then you need to ask yourself who is isolating these people and how? Is this some kind of authoritarian regime? Who's gonna pay for the 7 billion antibiotics? Ect. Maybe it could be done in a small population, but it would only take a handful to fuck it up for everyone and make it all a waste of time and if covid has taught us anything it's that people are selfish pricks.

Jumpscare is our natural reaction to danger that has been throughout our evolution. If a predator suddenly jumps against us, do we not have time to think about what the appropriate reaction would be, we simply react automatically to get away. It has always been better to react even it was nothing then not react, and it suddenly was dangerous.