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It's fair that kitchen staff get some portion of the tips, but it's not fair the way tip culture is used to keep people's wages lower than what they should be. That's why I used "supposedly".

You just learned me that, during my childhood i saw some childrens with a patch on one eye, it all makes sense now ! It's very facinating to see how the brain work

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Enthalpy is actually closer to energy, and basically amounts to a slightly different methodology for bookkeeping of the total energy contained within a system. The only difference between enthalpy and energy is that enthalpy takes what we call "flow work" into account, or the additional energy extractable/storable in a medium via the combination of pressure and changes in volume.

Enthalpy ends up being used in place of energy in a lot of situations where pressure-driven flow is important (e.g. turbines).

Entropy is a separate thermodynamic quality that more or less describes the "desire" of concentrated energy/enthalpy to disperse.

All STDs could theoretically be extinct within a generation or two if people would stop having sex with multiple partners. If each person only ever had sex with one partner their whole life, then there would be no spread of disease, any viral diseases would be confined to family lines. Of course, getting every person on the planet, or even in a small town, to agree to that would be impossible.

Ah, I see, thanks. I always keep hearing the terms entropy and enthalpy used. Do they mean the same thing, or what's the difference between them?

Why 'supposedly'? People go to a restaurant to eat food primarily, and the quality and promptness of that execution is down to the kitchen. Good service is also important, but not the exclusive reason people tip. I've worked in hospitality 30+ years, and seen situations where an inexperienced teenage waiter/waitress takes home more total income than the head chef, due to an asinine belief that front of house deserve all the tips.

Thermodynamics is the study of the motion and usage of energy, and is a critical aspect of all sorts of other scientific fields like chemistry and fluid dynamics.

Thermodynamics functions on three core laws. The first law simply states that energy must be conserved, and cannot be created or destroyed. The second law states that entropy cannot decrease, or (put more simply) that energy seeks to expand and flow from areas of high energy to areas of low energy. The third law basically just shows that entropy cannot remain constant. Thus, the second and third laws are typically bundled together to state that entropy can only increase over time.

There's also a tautological "zeroth" law, which isn't an actual law, but which is used as a teaching tool so as to sidestep some later issues in dealing with the relationships between entropy and energy. The zeroth law just states that heat always flows from hot to cold, which is true, but which is a consequence of the three laws of thermodynamics working together.

Greece runs a bad economy. Full stop. They have too many state owned enterprises. Too much red tape. Too many social programs. And guess what? They had to ask for money because they ran the economy into the ground. If you ask for money, the lender has to believe they can get it back, but the EU didn't even believe Greece could ever really pay it back. They have given tons of free money and relief over the years and the Greek government knows they'll keep getting free money. In return, ya, they have less clout and the major economies look down on them, and make demands. Demands they couldn't make if Greece fixed it's economy and became an asset rather than a liability. Both Italy and Greece are run by the older voting block that demands free money and services for old people that they can't cut off / are unwilling to cut off. So they keep voting for anyone who says they can keep their defunct economies doling out money when the only way to do that is to keep borrowing. So the lenders then say well I'll give you money if you do XYZ to fix your economy so we think we can at least get something back. But then they don't do it and the politicians point at Germany and Euros for all their political problems as a scapegoat. If Greece had it's own currecny it and left the EU it would have been bankrupt already decades ago. When they joined in 2001, the USD to GRD was 1 to 320. As soon as they joined the EU there was a boom in confidence (because they were now backed by Germany and France and the UK), and then they started spending like crazy and haven't stopped. They need to make major changes to their economy, but it's not politically expedient. So they take money and blame the EU. You don't want strings attached? Stop borrowing money and fix the economy.

Thermodynamics is the description of how heat in a system is distributed when properties of the system are changing over time.

edit: or prior to reaching a stable state in a system with fixed properties.

Yes, it separates the Pantone colour out almost like another layer.

When you usually send something to print, it gets converted into four colour layers—cyan, magenta, yellow and black. These become individual printing plates (or toner/ink layers in digital print), and mix together using dots at different densities to achieve the colours you used in your file.

If you use a Pantone colour, it’ll be converted into its own layer/plate, and printed using the selected Pantone formulation. This will be noticeable next to a CMYK mix because it’ll be a nice flat colour, while the CMYK mix will be made up of patterns of dots from each component colour.

edit: you don’t actually need to specify Pantone colours to do this either. You can simply set a colour as a spot colour and it’ll appear as its own plate (also known in software as a separation) for the press.

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This is really not true, for Greece at least. Greece's economic policy and performance pre-financial crisis certainly wasn't great, but it wasn't shocking. Post financial crisis, it had a disastrous economic policy imposed on it, known as "extend-and-pretend" - keep giving temporary relief for debt, insisting on public spending cuts (which tanked the economy further) and pretending that things were going to work. This was so disastrous (both for Greece and the eurozone generally) that the IMF, of all institutions, ended up coming out in opposition to it.

Exactly why these policies were imposed is a bit more complex than "German bankers" and links to institutional design and politics in the EU. Though "German bankers", and the reluctance of Germany to admit to how exposed its banks were to the financial crisis, is part of it.

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>And so these Photoshop files (PSD) have the Pantone colors in the file data, not just the RGB values?

Yes. For example, if you used Pantone 289 (a dark blue) in your file, Photoshop embeds that color as a separate color “channel” in the file.

>So then when you display the file, it has to map to the color system the computer users? Is that accurate?

Also correct. The PMS 289 blue has a corresponding RGB (almost all computer displays use red, green, and blue pixels) color “break”. The “break” tells the computer what color components most closely match PMS 289.

>At this point, do you expect an "open standard" to replace Pantone or is there just too much investment?

That’s a really tough question. Businesses have been using and paying for Pantone for literal decades. There is a ton of work involved in making colors match across screen, print, textiles, paint, apparel, cosmetics, and architectural (and I’m sure more). Replacing that would take a tremendous amount of work. There are open alternatives, but they don’t have the breadth of industry solutions that Pantone does. The ability to pick a color and have it look the same on screen, in print, and on a dress isn’t easily replicated.

IMO, Adobe and Pantone will solve this stalemate, or businesses will get used to paying for Pantone directly. Small users who’s don’t want to pay will simply get by with “close enough” or alternatives that only work for screen and print, which is the most common use case by far.

Here's a super simple explanation. Pantone is for print. RGB is for screens.

Screens "paint" with light. Printing "paints" with... well paint. Pigments.

Light makes things lighter (addetive). Your black screen lights up making up a picture.

Printing makes white paper darker by putting paint on it (subtractive). It's a fundamental difference.

There's a lot of science that goes into this, but that's the most ELI5 as I can make it.

Hello, guy with lifelong vision impairment due to one of my eyes not being favoured by my brain since childhood, here. It sucks that I'll probably never know how normal people see the world.

There are two main ways we experience colour in things. Things which give off light use additive mixing: red+green=yellow. This is what RGB colour is, where the primary (or base) colours are red, green, and blue, and is how screens work. The more light you add, the brighter it gets. Add in all the colours, and you get white.

Then we get subtractive colour. Instead of stuff giving off light, everyday objects will reflect some light and absorb other light. A red t-shirt looks red because it gets hit by "white" light (or light of all different colours) and absorbs everything except the red. It reflects the red, so we see it as red. As it happens, one of the easiest way to mix colours in this space is using cyan, magenta, and yellow as the bases - the primary colours. These are the exact secondary colours of light, the additive colours. The more of a pigment you add, the darker it gets. If you mix all three, you get black...sort of. It's tricky to get a really good black, so in printing we tend to just use a seperate black to Deal with that. We call this CMYK (with K being black, obviously... /s).

Now, Pantone is designed to be a system for getting really good printed colours which can be used across different manufacturers. You can think of it as being a sort of translation between colour schemes. Another side of this problem is that computer screens can only produce so many colours. The Hex system you mention means representing each RGB pixel with 3 values from 0 to 255 (one per colour), with 0 being off and 255 fully on. That's a smaller number of possible values compared to what our eyes can cope with. This is part of the reason dark videos look so blocky, almost pixelated. When the lightest value in a shadow is 9 and it fades to complete black (0), there are only 10 possible values in that range. So the steps are obvious. But Pantone is designed for ink where you can just dilute colours further and further to get shades in-between.

Port numbers are used to distinguish TCP connections between two IP addresses. Without this extra number, you could only have one connection between any two IP addresses at one time. They can take any value between 0 and 65535.

The computer you're connecting to may have a Terraria server and a Minecraft server running on it at the same time. You need to specify the destination port number so the game traffic knows where to go once it gets to that computer.

In addition, your computer assigns a source port number to that connection. This is in case you also have Minecraft running and connect to that same computer. When you get data back, it'll send that data to the right program on your computer based on the source port.

Thanks. This was the answer I understood the most. And honestly I didn't expect such a quick response. So thank you!

So in the end it is just a way to transmit information from one point to another by the same cable but without getting things awfully mixed.

To be fair, I have been studying this, and anything other than very basic color theory tutorials are near impossible to find. Most clients couldn't educate themselves if they wanted to.

Perhaps you could do some youtube tutorials.

Think of it like a big apartment block with a single letter delivery address. Each room in the apartment is identified by a number 0 to 65535 and any incoming letter is sent to that room.

Any incoming letters with address 80 go to apartment 80. Now apartment 80 may be unoccupied in which case the letter is ignored. However it is agreed that by convention apartment 80 is the home of the HTTP application, that knows how to read and process that letter, and send back a reply letter to the sender.

Other applications have their preferred room number, to make it easier to communicate with, simple email prefers room 25, file transfer is greedy and needs two rooms, 20 and 21. Etc.

These common applications prefer the ground floor rooms, 0 to 1023 so it usually means that they have to have special permission from the building supervisor to move in.

Of course there is nothing stopping applications taking other room numbers, you will sometimes find HTTP also in room 8080 but any number is possible from 1024 to 49151 and applications are free to move in to any room so long as it’s not already occupied. Terraria likes the view from room 7777 and tries to move in there (and because it’s users have difficulty remembering their room number otherwise!)

All the rooms on the top floors, 49152 to 65535 are available to be used by applications dynamically, think of them as Airbnb rooms, use them for a short while then move out and let someone else use them.

A port is a 16-bit number, i.e. from 0 to 65535.

0 is a special number (so not actually used as a port) and certain ports are commonly used by certain protocols (for example 80 is for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS, 22 for SSH), but most are free for use.