Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive
lhine490 t1_j29ol9a wrote
easy to grow. easy to ship (think how tough they are before they get ripe). A lot of people think they're tasty. They're pretty filling and healthy.
Cat_of_Schroedinger t1_j29oesf wrote
Reply to ELI5: Alzheimer's is dementia, but not all dementia is Alzheimer's. So what is the difference? by degobrah
Dementia means someone is unable to complete important everyday tasks, like chores or bathing or eating, on their own.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. It involves the toxic accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain over time, which leads to the widespread death of brain cells, compromising memory and other cognitive abilities.
Alzheimer’s disease can lead to dementia, but there are other disease processes that can cause someone to become functionally dependent on others (like Parkinson’s disease).
While it can be apparent when someone has progressed to the stage of dementia and needs substantial support, it is not always clear what is happening in the brain to cause dementia. This is because many neurodegenerative diseases share the same symptoms (like memory loss), and we cannot easily see what is going on inside a living brain. However, we are getting better at doing just that through novel neuroimaging approaches, such as florbetapir PET scans for detecting Alzheimer’s pathology during life, and other medical advances.
Source: am working in neurodegenerative research
spasticpoodle t1_j29o9ga wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why is stress from exercising good for our body/heart but stress from anxiety isn't? by ecanem63
Think about if you started jogging, and never slowed down to a walking pace for rest. How long do you think you could keep going? You need periods of rest in order for your body to recover. Even going from running to walking can greatly increase the distance you can travel before passing out.
Stress keeps your heart rate up for very extended periods of time, which never allows or to rest.
crazynfo t1_j29o121 wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why is stress from exercising good for our body/heart but stress from anxiety isn't? by ecanem63
When you exercise, your body works hard and uses up energy. This can cause a little bit of stress on your body, which is actually good for you. This stress helps your muscles become stronger, your heart become more efficient, and your body become more able to handle other stresses in your life.
On the other hand, stress from anxiety is a different kind of stress. Anxiety is a feeling of worry or fear that can be overwhelming and can affect your daily life. When you feel anxious, your body goes into "fight or flight" mode, which means it prepares itself to either run away from danger or to fight. This causes your body to release stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones can cause physical changes in your body, like a faster heart rate, sweaty palms, and tense muscles. These physical changes can be helpful in short bursts, but if you feel anxious for a long time, they can be harmful to your body and lead to physical problems like headaches, stomachaches, or even heart problems. It's important to find healthy ways to cope with anxiety, like talking to a trusted friend or family member, taking deep breaths, or doing something you enjoy, so that you can feel better and stay healthy.
ThePhoenixBird2022 t1_j29njw6 wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why does putting one foot out from under the blankets bring so much relief of heat while laying in bed? by SirDuke6
If you look at your foot, you can see more veins near the surface of the skin than you would if you look at your lower leg because there is far less fat or muscle. With all those blood vessels near the surface of the skin to help transfer heat/cool between the blood and skin surface, feet are great temperature regulators.
RSA0 t1_j29ndw1 wrote
Reply to ELI5: How exactly does pirating work for video games and software? (Read desc) by DryEstablishment2
If the game has no anti-piracy protection - then it is exactly how it works: just copying files is enough.
If there is a protection - the game will try to check if you bought the game. However, the game runs on your computer, for which you have absolute control over! Yet.
- If the game checks DVD disk, you can install a fake DVD driver. It will pretend, that there are a disk installed and will allow a program to read it - but will actually read data from a file. Then just copy data from the real DVD to a file.
- You can inspect the program's memory to figure out what its doing, and then edit the EXE to change its behavior. Yes, it contains the dreaded "machine code", the language of the CPU - but it is possible to just learn it (it's description is published on the Internet). You can also use helpful tools, that will convert it into a more human-readable form. The goal is to find a place where the game does a check, and replace it with "always pass".
Antman013 t1_j29n2ij wrote
Reply to comment by Tratakaro in ELI5: Why is the recoil of a gun not nearly as bad as getting hit with a bullet while wearing a bullet proof vest if they are both the same force? by Tratakaro
Yes. But you are also talking about a LOT more energy, as noted elsewhere in this thread.
ExtraSmooth t1_j29mx9o wrote
Reply to eli5: Why couldn't a country in debt mint a coin of immense value and use it to pay off the debt? by Derikoopa
There isn't any value in "paying off debt" at a national level. The debt is scheduled in the form of bonds, which are treated as investment vehicles. Debt is "payed off" when holders cash out their bonds, which they can do voluntarily at any time (with some limitations/penalties for early liquidation) and which the government (US anyway) never fails to cover. If the government forcibly bought back everyone's bonds prematurely, it would destroy the value and trust in bonds as an investment, destabilizing the global economy in several different ways.
The government is not a business or a household, so the imperative to operate at a net surplus just isn't there. The extension of government debt is a sign of continued expectations of growth and political stability. Trying to remove all the debt from the system is like trying to collect all the rainwater in a region and store it in barrels instead of letting it cycle through the earth and natural bodies of water. It might seem like "saving for a rainy day" but really you're preventing a resource from flowing through the system where it can do the most good.
The_RealKeyserSoze t1_j29mkol wrote
Reply to comment by Lithuim in eli5 how is banana such a mainstream fruit worldwide? by Lemon_Pleasant
In addition to this bananas have thick skin ideal for shipping without damage and its easy to stop ripening with cold temperatures and then speed it up with ethylene. Apples have a similar advantage, and are generally treated with 1-MCP to stop ripening and extend shelf life for months.
SoulWager t1_j29lx31 wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why is the recoil of a gun not nearly as bad as getting hit with a bullet while wearing a bullet proof vest if they are both the same force? by Tratakaro
It's not the same force.
Energy = force * distance(in the direction of motion), and momentum = force * time.
There's much less distance and time during the impact than there is when firing the projectile, so force is greater.
Tratakaro OP t1_j29l8x5 wrote
Reply to comment by TheDucksQuacker in ELI5: Why is the recoil of a gun not nearly as bad as getting hit with a bullet while wearing a bullet proof vest if they are both the same force? by Tratakaro
Is the force not also distributed using a bullet proof vest?
TheDucksQuacker t1_j29l0dt wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why is the recoil of a gun not nearly as bad as getting hit with a bullet while wearing a bullet proof vest if they are both the same force? by Tratakaro
It’s the distribution of the force.
All that force is coming down on a single point when the bullet hits.
Like pushing in a drawing pin, the thin end goes into the wall and the thick end doesn’t hurt your finger because the same force is distributed over a larger area.
[deleted] t1_j29kxuf wrote
SirDuke6 OP t1_j29kxgp wrote
Reply to comment by krammark12 in ELI5: Why does putting one foot out from under the blankets bring so much relief of heat while laying in bed? by SirDuke6
Sometimes the transfer of heat almost seems instantaneous, is that really how fast the blood travels through the body on a regular basis?
[deleted] t1_j29kfqy wrote
Reply to eli5 How is plastic created? by Consistent_Elk_5546
[removed]
krammark12 t1_j29k2q2 wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why does putting one foot out from under the blankets bring so much relief of heat while laying in bed? by SirDuke6
The veins in your foot are relatively close to the surface, making heat transfer from your inner body to the outside temperature much easier. The blanket (or socks) are isolating your feet, making this transfer more difficult.
Paradigm84 t1_j29jxol wrote
Reply to ELI5: How exactly does pirating work for video games and software? (Read desc) by DryEstablishment2
Some software allows you to download effectively the entire program, and only authenticate with a key right at the end, rather than needing a key up front. This can often be done so the user gets limited access to the software on a trial basis, and then pays for the full version later. Given this, if you can trick the software into thinking it's authenticated, then you could pirate the software.
You used to be able to pirate the software using an app called a key generator, or Keygen, which was a mini program that could generate license keys for the software so that people could avoid paying.
In recent years companies have added additional layers of security to try and make it harder to pirate software. This can take the form of various Digital Rights Management tools (DRM), which could include having to authenticate the install by having an account with the company that has you as a registered purchaser. This makes it much more challenging to pirate the software vs simply having to provide a key that looks correct.
Nirvanablue92 t1_j29jwwo wrote
Reply to ELI5: How exactly does pirating work for video games and software? (Read desc) by DryEstablishment2
For old consoles like the ps1 you would install a chip that allowed it to read burned discs
mikeholczer t1_j29jfh5 wrote
Reply to ELI5: How exactly does pirating work for video games and software? (Read desc) by DryEstablishment2
Some software doesn’t check if it’s purchase, so in that case one just needs the files or installer. If the software does check, one would find a vulnerability in the code that is checking if the game or software was purchased and work around the check.
Just_Jen_1 t1_j29hemn wrote
Reply to comment by Just_Jen_1 in eli5: Why couldn't a country in debt mint a coin of immense value and use it to pay off the debt? by Derikoopa
Further to this, all exported goods cost more to bring in. This is how it effects the poor. If the poor don't get a proportional increase, then basic goods cost more. The poor get poorer.
InevitableMission886 t1_j29h7qz wrote
Reply to ELI5: Alzheimer's is dementia, but not all dementia is Alzheimer's. So what is the difference? by degobrah
Ill explain to you like your five instead of writing the whole bible: dementia is a type of Alzheimer. Its like saying: if canada is a country in North America, then why isnt North America a country in canada?
tomalator t1_j29gt0e wrote
Reply to eli5 How can these disel+electric heaters used indoors. I don't get it since it is literally burning fuel what happens to the fumes indoors? by madFromV
We are very good at separating the exhaust from the heat. We can extract about 90% of the heat energy, send the exhaust outside while keeping the heat inside. Basically there's a heat exchanger that gets heated up by the reaction, and air blows over it, getting heated up and the exhaust stays completely sealed off until it goes outside. The same thing happens to heat a gas car, it's just using waste heat from the engine.
croc_socks t1_j29gkxp wrote
Reply to eli5 How is plastic created? by Consistent_Elk_5546
Plastic is created from a monomer. Think of them as links in a chain. The classic example is ethylene. Scientists have discovered that treating it you can create chains of them to get polyethylene. This pattern repeats for different plastics. The feedstock can be oil or natural gas. But they have to go through further refinement before they can be turned into plastic. When I was in chemistry, the trick was to start with a pure feedstock. Otherwise you run into having to deal with side effects & impurities or may end up with a lower grade of plastic.
indifferent-egg-9050 t1_j29gajd wrote
Reply to eli5 How can these disel+electric heaters used indoors. I don't get it since it is literally burning fuel what happens to the fumes indoors? by madFromV
To prevent the fumes produced by the burning of the diesel fuel from accumulating indoors, these heaters must be properly vented to the outside of the building through a flue or chimney. This allows the fumes to be safely expelled outdoors rather than being released into the indoor air.
frustrated_staff t1_j29onhq wrote
Reply to comment by Tratakaro in ELI5: Why is the recoil of a gun not nearly as bad as getting hit with a bullet while wearing a bullet proof vest if they are both the same force? by Tratakaro
You're missing the fact that the recoil is already distributed over a larger area when it impacts the vest (the butt of the weapon has a much larger impact area than the point of the bullet)