You can basically just copy and paste it, it’s just a specialized executable (.exe) file.

What people are mentioning about cracks and hacks are just fancy ways of saying “tricking the system”

Easy example would be an old game that came with a CD key like Diablo. All it did is check if the game was installed and a valid key has been put in previously. Cracks/hacks basically make the last step moot in one way or another. It’s really no different than if you used your friends key just…. Thousands of people using the same code (thus why a lot of the time you could not go online with these games since some games would do additional checks once connected to the internet)

Besides some substances are deadlier to some species than to other.

Imagina you give 🍫 chocolate to a 🐕 dog.. you ☠️ kill him since it's toxic 🤢 for dogs. Yet, you can have a tasty meaty dessert without problems because Choco is not bad for you

Do you mean a feeling of instant relief like how you instantly feel less thirsty after drinking some water despite it needing a little while to enter your bloodstream?

The short answer is: because it doesn’t need that host to survive.

Viruses are trying to replicate as quickly as possible using host cells. A virus that spreads easily and quickly can kill its hosts as long as it has had a chance to reproduce and infect another organism first.

The ones that don’t succeed in doing this die out.

Because they’re like wasps, just exist to mess shit up.

But really I think it’s mostly because they aren’t meant to kill their “intended” host. Like viruses that exist in a specific species won’t kill that species, but when it crosses to a different one that organism can’t fend it off as well and ends up succumbing to it.

Viruses aren't strategic thinkers. If one virus is too deadly to survive, another variant will take over.

The virus responsible for the 1918 influenza pandemic still circulates today, but in a far less deadly form. Viruses reproduce so quickly and so often that they are self-correcting and rarely disappear altogether. Those that are too deadly disappear and others survive.

Also, it's called a radiator foot!

Then the lender country has billions of dollars of the borrower's currency. They're either gonna spend it in the borrower country, or they're gonna sell the currency for another currency. If they simply spend it in the borrower country, that will inject the currency right back into their economy, causing inflation.

If they sell the currency, the massive surplus of that currency will cause the international value (exchange rate) of the borrower currency to fall, weakening it on the international market. That makes it harder for the importers in the borrower country to buy foreign goods, so they have to charge more domestically to make up the difference. That will cause a rippling price increase across the borrower's economy.

If your money supply was X and then you increase it to 1.5X, you can't get away from the fact that your money supply increased 50% overnight, no matter where it goes.

Also known as pressure.

A really small atom, like hydrogen gas can move through what we think of as solid matter. Hydrogen gas can seep through metal! The world of the atom is weird, the iron atom is still tiny to us but it is 55.8 times heavier than a hydrogen atom.

What messes with your head is that the atomic scale is so different than our general experience. If the nucleus is the size of a pingpong ball the electron is about 500 meters away. But... this is an incomplete analogy, the electron isn't solid, like I said, it is weird.

To sum it up, when firing a bullet (on a slippery surface):

• Both the bullet and the shooter are pushed by the explosion, the bullet will speed up much faster as it is lighter.
• The speed difference is by a factor of (weight shooter / weight bullet) and generally > 200.
• The explosion energy is put into both the shooter and the bullet. The energy is split unevenly and favors the fast bullet (by again the ratio of weight shooter / weight bullet). The bullet receives most energy, the shooter does not receive much energy in the recoil.
• Receiving the bullet in the bullet proof vest requires >200 times as much energy absorption compared to the recoil of shooting a bullet.

Think of it as a very fine mesh. Sure, it's full of gaps, but nothing is small enough to pass through those gaps, maybe except some radioactive particles, so it's effectively solid.

https://xkcd.com/882/

Why is it always the green jellybeans?

Please read this entire message

Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):

• ELI5 requires that you search the ELI5 subreddit for your topic before posting. Users will often either find a thread that meets their needs or find that their question might qualify for an exception to rule 7. Please see this wiki entry for more details (Rule 7).

If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the detailed rules first. If you believe this submission was removed erroneously, please use this form and we will review your submission.

There are 10^20 atoms in a spoon of material, so trying to pass a spoonful of material through another spoonful of material is less like trying to pass a few ping-pong balls through the spaces in a volleyball net, and more like dumping a truck load of sand onto a beach full of sand. It won't sink.

There are 4 forces in the universe, and if you scroll that wiki article down a bit and look at the relative strength, electromagnetism is extremely much stronger than gravity. And the distances between atoms are very very tiny.

So everything feels "solid" because what you're looking at is forces that have the "push" and "pull" you would feel if you were 5 feet away from a black hole (take a black hole that has 10^36 Earth gravities (which is the strength of electromagnetism compared to gravity) and then go hang out as close as an atomic distance from it).

At the level you're talking about, the idea of "empty space" barely even makes sense.

You probably think about particles as being little solid billiard balls that bounce off of each other. That model can work OK for thinking about some things, but once you get down to the scale of atoms, it breaks down fast.

The state of an electron in an atom isn't a ball orbiting a nucleus. Instead, an electron is smeared-out "cloud" with a particular sort of shape. You can think of this as the electron being a billiard ball that has a certain probability of being at any given point, but thinking of the cloud as the basic truth and the billiard ball as an approximation is closer to the reality. Insofar as the billiard ball model works, electrons (and all other elementary particles) have zero size, but clearly they are taking up space in some sense, so we need to set aside that model if we want to talk about ideas of taking up space.

Instead, when we think of space being occupied, we mean something like "if you try to put something else there, it'll push back". This is why you don't fall through your wall. And it's at the heart of your question.

The reason that your atoms do not fall through the wall's atoms is twofold:

• First, the electrons in your atoms and the electrons in the wall's atoms are both negatively charged, and they get close to each other before they get close to the positively charged protons in the other atoms. That creates an electric repulsion that stops the two from getting too close, or from your atoms passing through the wall's.

• Second, the electron clouds take up space, in the sense that compressing a cloud takes energy. When you get very close to the wall, the electron clouds in your atoms start to press against the electron clouds in the wall's atoms. The clouds resist compression, which can hold you up in much the same way that a spring can hold up a weight.

Both of these effects contribute a fair amount to the "solidness" of solid objects.

There are two relevant concepts in physics at play: Momentum and (kinetic) energy.

When you fire the bullet:

• Both the bullet and the shooter get an equal (but opposite) amount of momentum. (see conservation of momentum).
• Momentum = mass x speed. If the mass of the person is 100kg and the bullet weighs 50g the ratio of speed difference between the bullet and the shooter is 50 gr / 100kg*100 = 1/200. This is important for the energy part.
• Both the shooter and bullet get kinetic (movement) energy, but in different amounts. The energy is 0.5 x mass x speed x speed. As per above, the mass and speed of the shooter and bullet are related to each other. As you can calculate, the speed increase of the person is much lower which results in not much energy being transferred to the person.
• In essence, most of energy goes to the bullet since the ratio of weight of the person to the bullet is very large. All kinetic energy is coming from the gun powder (conservation of energy).
• You can imagine receiving the bullet must result in the bullet proof vest to absorb a crazy amount of energy (200 times more than receiving the recoil).

It’s not about force being spread over a larger area.

There are two things here:

1. Momentum is conserved. Momentum is the mass of an object times it’s velocity. Velocity has a direction. The total momentum of gun+bullet before you shoot is zero, so it has to be zero after you shoot. So when you shoot the bullet speed times bullet mass in one direction has to equal the gun speed times the gun mass in the other direction. But the gun is much much heavier. To keep math easy we’ll say 100x heavier. So for the mass of the bullet times the velocity of the bullet(plus propellant) to have the same magnitude of momentum as the gun the bullet has to go one way 100x faster than the gun goes the other.

2. The kinetic energy is proportional to the mass times the velocity squared (1/2 mv^2). The bullet weighs 1/100 times that of the gun, but is going 100x faster (to keep numbers easy). This means that the bullet is carrying 100x as much kinetic energy as the gun.

So for every unit of energy your hand/shoulder has to absorb the bullet proof vest (combined with your flesh/bones behind it) need to absorb 100 units, which is gonna take a lot more to absorb. With something like a rifle, much heavier than the bullets it fires, that could go to 200x, 300x or more.

[removed]

The are not really empty. But the nucleus of atoms has a lot of matter packed into a small area.

Atoms can be best understood as quantum mechanical objects, which basically means they are waves, kind of like sound waves in air, but they are standing waves, like a vibrating string. The nucleus is is a really intense wave concentrated in a very small area, kind of like the spike of water that leaps up when you drove a small rock into water, whereas the electrons form much smaller waves distributed over a larger area, more like the ripples that radiate out.

The thing about those electron waves is that they like to be pretty close, but not overlap too much, and that’s what allows molecules to form and what keeps molecules from collapsing into a single super-atom, and also what keeps substances made out of molecules from collapsing. If you try to get an atom to pass through another one, those waves will bump up against each other and prevent it from happening, unless they’re moving really fast.

So in short, it’s not that atoms are empty, but that atomic nuclei are really dense.

Any central bank can do this, even without a coin. It’s called monetizing the debt.

What happens when you do this? Well you can follow the money. There are two situations.

1. The central bank immediately prints money (or buys the bond) of newly created debt. Normally, when a government spends money, it increases aggregate demand, and the debt/bond itself is a way of decreasing aggregate demand. Having the government immediately pay off the bond/debt means that you increase aggregate demand. This can lead to inflation if it’s too much aggregate demand.

2. Quantitative Easing: You pay the debt off by buying the debt off some bond holders. These (generally wealthier) bond holders then gain cash, and will invest some of it (increasing asset prices like stock) and spend some of it, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. If the increase in aggregate demand is too much, then you will notice meaningful inflation.

Many other comments mention stuff about faith in the currency, but this doesn’t really hold unless inflation expectations become very high. Many governments have done this without people losing faith in the currency. Money is simply a tool to balance supply constraints with demand. Printing money is just a way to increase demand and when done correctly can match demand with supply.

The main difference is that you can stop exercising, rest, recover, etc etc. Prolonged anxiety keeps the body I'm a state of heightened alertness that it never backs down from. It's the fact that you stay wound up forever and don't calm back down to heal and recover that makes that kind of stress bad.

Some stress, followed by rest is good. Some stress forever all the time, is bad.

Both are stresses. That is the bottom line. You are right. If you have a heart condition, you'd be in danger from any stress, including exercise, while you're doing it. In that way, they are indeed similar.

You're thinking of "matter" and "touch" in a very specific way, but not in the most accurate way, I think. It's true that matters are mostly empty space - a nucleus surrounded by a handful of electrons, with lots of empty space in between each atom. But what matters are those electrons - they create a magnetic field that repels other atoms and their electrons. And those magnetic interactions are a huge part of what makes up "chemistry" as a science - the interactions between different atoms.

So when your hand touches your keyboard, it's not as though your atoms are brushing against the keyboard's atoms, nucleus to nucleus. Instead, it's that your magnetic fields are brushing up against each other and repelling each other - we feel that resistance as our sense of touch. So what you think of as empty space is actually what matter is - a bunch of magnetic fields pushing against each other, keeping others out of their space.

One thing is that a bullet, when fired, accelerates down the barrel over time, applying a lower force over time. However, when it hits a hard target direct on, the velocity comes to an immediate stop, which means a suddenly negative acceleration, jerk, and very high force (F=m*a). This is why hollow points tend to have better stopping power than FMJ that go right thru a person.

Also, the recoil of shooting a high caliber handgun or rifle does leave some soreness in the hands/shoulder.