Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive
I4Vhagar t1_j2bx77i wrote
Reply to comment by Exhausted_Monkey26 in ELI5: Why do we say that all life known is carbon based ? by Responsible-Big-2644
DNA has a carbon backbone!? Next you’re going to claim the Earth isn’t flat
AllergicToStabWounds t1_j2bx5ez wrote
Most human cultures large enough to have major medical practices or dedicated healers were able to observe that injuries to the brain can cause changes or impairments to the mind.
It took more studies to get a more precise understanding, but the connection between the mind and the brain is pretty intuitive from just what can be observed.
DrAbsurd t1_j2bx26e wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why plates get too hot to touch in the mircrowave but the food can still be cold? by jerrycotton
For the same reason a bicycle tire pump gets hot when you press the handle down. The molecules bounce off the outside layer the hardest. The pump uses air molecules and microwave uses water molecules. Imagine a tennis ball going through the air. It is loosing momentum to heat and drag. But when it hits the wall most of that energy is changed all at once and it doesn't bounce back near as hard. But you can add energy by hitting it again. If you could speed this up and hit all the area of the wall over and over the wall would get hotter than the air between you and the wall.
jerrycotton OP t1_j2bwy5d wrote
Reply to comment by ProveISaidIt in ELI5: Why plates get too hot to touch in the mircrowave but the food can still be cold? by jerrycotton
This is the most poignant reply I have received on all my time on this website, thank you and also for the Corelle dishes recommendation.
Edit: Is this an undercover advertisement for Corelle dishes, if so you deserve a raise!! Haha
DeHackEd t1_j2bwtot wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why plates get too hot to touch in the mircrowave but the food can still be cold? by jerrycotton
First, microwaves only heat up certain types of materials and its effectiveness varies. I have largely the opposite result: the plate is fine and the food is reasonably warm/hot. Water is one of the things it will heat up, which is good since it's common in foods. Interestingly it performs worse with ice, which is a problem for frozen foods.
Second, the microwave effect inside has hot-spots and cold spots. A microwave is basically a high power radio wave generator and the effects of waves cancelling each other out and amplifying each other come into play inside. It's why there is a turntable at the bottom of most microwaves: to keep the food moving around so that no one spot stays in a hotspot or a coldspot. But right at the center of said turntable doesn't actually move.
These combine to make frozen foods in microwaves pretty bad. Lucky hotspots are prone to have little pockets of ice melt into water, which then heats up more rapidly since water reacts better to the microwave in general. This is why you're instructed to take it out and stir. Microwave's doing a crap job and needs help.
Your plate doesn't normally get hot, but if a hotspot is touching the plate, heat will spread normally.
Lazygamer14 t1_j2bwt4a wrote
Reply to ELI5: Alzheimer's is dementia, but not all dementia is Alzheimer's. So what is the difference? by degobrah
Dementia is the broad classification of "memory problems people get that aren't consistent with normal aging." In essence, its the umbrella that covers all the memory problems associated with aging but that aren't just you getting old, they're worse in some form or fashion.
Alzheimer's is a specific cause of dementia, and also the most common one. Alzheimer's dementia has a pattern that doctors can look for and can extrapolate out the timeline for the rest of the disease.
Different forms of dementia have different patterns and different timelines. Some are faster or slower. Some come with personality changes, others hallucinations, others muscle control issues. What type of dementia you have is important in determining what symptoms you will have and how long you are likely to live. Depending on what type it is, you diagnose these with brain scans, blood work, or simply asking the patient and their family what symptoms they're experiencing.
ProveISaidIt t1_j2bwnfi wrote
Reply to ELI5: Why plates get too hot to touch in the mircrowave but the food can still be cold? by jerrycotton
Microwaves heat food by causing the water molecules in the food to become excited, thus banging into each other. That creates friction, which creates heat.
Objects heat up through the input of energy. Heat doesn't absorb cold, rather cold absorbs heat. Plates are typically made of some kind of stoneware, e.g. ceramic, which is clay.
Side note: Corelle dishes manufactured by Corning are glass and do not heat up on the microwave. I use Corelle for this reason.
The cold stoneware absorbs heat energy from the food. Because the food is losing heat to the plate it remains cooler. The water molecules continue to produce heat through friction that the plate continues to absorb.
I would imagine if the food were heated long enough to the point all of the water had evaporated the plate and the food would reach equilibrium. However, the food would long since become inedible if not combusted.
WhiteHawk77 t1_j2bwkic wrote
Reply to comment by tomarse90 in Eli5: Why when you yawn your hearing goes down? by Big_carrot_69
I can make my ear tubes go brrrr.
[deleted] t1_j2bwaff wrote
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kikswi t1_j2bw71o wrote
We haven’t; we don’t know exactly what the mind is, but as exponentials noted, we’ve learned that lots of brain phenomena are correlated with mental phenomena. Strictly speaking, there isn’t a single account of what the mind is and how exactly it’s related to the brain. Some theorize that it is the brain, some theorize thar it’s produced by the brain, some theorize that it interacts with the brain, and others. There’s a lot we don’t know!
[deleted] t1_j2bw6h4 wrote
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Truth-or-Peace t1_j2bw3my wrote
Well, the first clue was the way in which damage to the brain can alter the functioning of the mind, whereas damage to things like the foot or even the heart do not.
Later, as we developed imaging techniques, we were able to see how thinking different kinds of thoughts would alter the brain's electrical activity and blood flow patterns, in ways that it doesn't alter electrical activity or blood flow in organs such as the liver or stomach.
mafiaknight t1_j2bvz96 wrote
Because all the things that we’ve ever found alive and all the corpses we’ve ever found were carbon based. I’d think it would be a bit self explanatory. We have yet to find anything that ever lived that was based on any other element. It is one of the 5 most abundant elements in the universe after all.
You ARE made of carbon. Humans are almost completely water and carbon
[deleted] t1_j2bvyxj wrote
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[deleted] t1_j2bvp91 wrote
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Exhausted_Monkey26 t1_j2bvjvv wrote
Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, and is present in all life forms. So, you are in part made of carbon. It is the main component of DNA, for example.
FellowConspirator t1_j2bvjk2 wrote
It’s MPGe (miles per gallon equivalent), and it was invented so that consumers could (sort of) compare the efficiency of electric cars and non-electric cars. Unfortunately, it’s not intuitive in any way.
The US Environmental Protection Agency determined that 33.7 kWh of electricity was equivalent to 1 gallon of gas. So, if a car goes 4 miles on 1 kWh of electricity, that’s equivalent to 33.7 x 4 = 134.8 MPGe
The 33.7 kWh per gallon assumes 100% efficiency in conversion of the chemical energy of combustion in a gallon of gas into mechanical energy. However, a typical internal combustion engine is typically about 25% efficient (and electric motors close to 98%). As a result, it’s a pretty dubious way to compare EVs and non-EVs. It’s an OK way to compare EV to EV, though miles per kWh is more meaningful because it can be easily used to estimate the cost of operating the car.
exponentials t1_j2bvef5 wrote
Experiments. In one, electrical probes on the frontal cortex of dogs showed that they could produce changes in the amount of alertness and aggression. Studies of brain lesions in humans showed that damage to particular parts of the brain would lead to particular patterns of physical and psychological deficits.
Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who suffered a brain injury when a metal rod went through the front part of his brain. After the accident, he changed from a smart, kind guy to one who was impulsive and rude.
Flair_Helper t1_j2bve3c wrote
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Jormungandrs-bite t1_j2buzr5 wrote
Reply to comment by Randomperson1362 in ELI5: Why is it that, at some gas stations, it’s cheaper to pay with cash instead a credit card? by tgjj530
You may or may not know,.
But in the US. It's illegal to charge more for credit cards. But it's not illegal to give a discount on cash.
Silver-Ad8136 t1_j2buq8l wrote
Reply to comment by SparklyMonster in ELI5: Why is it that, at some gas stations, it’s cheaper to pay with cash instead a credit card? by tgjj530
Man, do we sell a lot of soda, tho.
[deleted] t1_j2bulew wrote
Reply to comment by calbhollo in ELI5: What does Prior mean when used as a noun? by calbhollo
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[deleted] t1_j2bud7s wrote
Reply to comment by spudmix in ELI5: What does Prior mean when used as a noun? by calbhollo
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[deleted] t1_j2btzzp wrote
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smapdiagesix t1_j2bx7po wrote
Reply to Eli5: How do cities dig out of massive amounts of snow? by OutrageousAd6177
You mean like recently here in metro Buffalo?
Snowplows (mounted on dump trucks) push the snow to the sides of the road. Front-loaders scoop up snow and either put it into dump trucks or dump it on the side of the road. In situations like this past storm, add in tow trucks and forklifts moving cars that were stuck in the road and abandoned, but that's not usually needed.
As for digging out at home, if you can open your door, then you start digging there. Remember to throw the snow up and over the snow blocking the exit. If you can't open your door, maybe you can open a different door or go out a window. Worst case, you gotta hope you have a friendly neighbor who can help you get free.