Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

ivthreadp110 t1_j2dg3re wrote

Tetanus is not caused by rust, it just makes a nice environment for the bacteria to live. It usually comes from agricultural runoff. So the rust on a rusty nail is more likely outside whereas the rust on your shaving razor is less likely to have been exposed to animal dung.

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Full_Temperature_920 t1_j2dg30n wrote

Wait, so you're saying things in orbit are just endlessly falling? Does that apply to the earth and the sun as well? Is the earth's orbit just the earth falling towards the sun but missing? That's fascinating lol. Oh shit does this mean the moon is always falling towards the earth??

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stilsjx t1_j2dg0so wrote

What you’re not taking into account is that you also helped with creating the budget, you need to justify the projected expenses. It’s not a punishment to reduce the budget. It’s in everyone’s best interest to run the company more efficiently and profitably. So rather than having frivolous spending at the end of the year, they reduce the budget.

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5kyl3r t1_j2dfqxk wrote

sounds waves go positive and negative. think of a graph of a sine wave (google it to see a visual). half the time, it's above the line (positive), and half the time it's below the line (negative). that represents the waves moving through the air. that's all sound is. like when you push and pull really quickly on a slinky, you can see the waves ripple down the slinky. sound is like that.

sound waves have what's called a phase. remember the positive and negative thing above? if you reversed the positives and negatives, did you know you still get the same sound? the sound will just be out of phase, but to the person listening, there's no difference. a really really good way to actually hear noise cancelling for yourself is to find a living room setup that has big floor standing speakers. listen to a song with a lot of bass. then on ONE speaker, reverse the wires. meaning connect the + to -, and the - to +. listen to the same song. you'll notice all the bass is nearly gone. that's because waves that have the opposite phase cancel each other out.

think of the times the waves is above the line in the graph as +1. at the point it's crossing the line, it's 0. when it's below the line, it's -1. so one single period, meaning one full section of the wave before it starts repeating over and over, would look like this:

..--.._

or by the numbers we mentioned, like this:

0, +1, 0, -1, 0

now the wave with the opposite phase:

.._..--..

and the numbers for it:

0, -1, 0, +1, 0

now what happens if we add the two waves together?

(0+0), (+1-1), (0+0), (-1+1), (0+0)

0, 0, 0, 0, 0

if we graph that, we just get a flat line. the two waves completely cancel each other out.

in electrical terms, the positive and negative is just voltage, and it's very easy to reverse that with electronics. noise cancelling headphones just have microphones at the edges of your headphones, reverse the wave, and add it to the sound you hear. so if you're listening to music, it'll add the reversed phase wave to your music. you don't hear anything because its values exactly cancel out the original sound. also, this only works because electricity travels nearly at the speed of light, and that's way way way way faster than the speed of sound, so even through the microphone and your ear are only an inch or two apart, it has plenty of time to record, reverse, and add the reversed signal to your audio output. it's really neat stuff

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Shauntheredwolf t1_j2dffpp wrote

The energy your body doesn't use gets stored as fat. Eating high energy foods results in more more fat.

That fat is stored in fat cells, which also contain a lot of water.

Conversely, the cabbage doesn't have a lot of energy, and most of its mass is water.

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PuzzleMeDo t1_j2dfaow wrote

Depending on why the sink needs repairing, it might cost $50 to repair, or it might cost $100 to repair. If you give me $100, and I repair the sink and return the $50 I didn't spend, and you punish me for this by saying from now on I can never have more than $50 for repairing the sink, you give me a strong incentive to waste money on future jobs instead of returning it.

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antilos_weorsick t1_j2df8y6 wrote

Your question is a little unclear. What does "what happens with an education system" mean?

I've genuinely never seen this happen, maybe you should ask the people that you've seen doing this. But here's my best guesses:

  1. In English, you capitalize letters of "words that carry meaning" (I don't know the correct term, but I mean nouns, verbs, adjectives and such, but not prepositions and such) in a title. For example you would write "The Lord of the Rings". The first "the" is capitalized, because it's the first word of the sentence, and "lord" and "ring" are capitalized because they are nouns.

  2. In german, all nouns are capitalized, not just the first word in a sentence, so if you saw germans do it, it might be a that.

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vavverro t1_j2dexay wrote

Well, I would argue that possibly at very early age there’s no yet fully formed concept of self consciousness, and by the time it develops, the child is already culturally primed to such an extent that it can’t help but have same mental concepts as all adults.

Its fascinating how sometimes things that we feel to be natural and innate to human nature are actually culture-based. There are societies where they don’t have notions for left and right, they perceive sides of objects and their own bodies in terms of global directions. And stuff like that.

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RSA0 t1_j2dec5o wrote

No, not really. Modern browsers are pretty resilient, they generally don't trust the code on the page, and limit its possible actions. Loopholes still happen, but they get patched quickly. This is the first line of defense.

Then, they run the crawler code on a restricted user account, so the operating system will refuse any access to system files. That's the second line.

Finally, if the malicious code somehow finds a loophole in a browser, AND THEN a loophole in OS, they get to live - up until the next system wipe.

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mixer99 t1_j2de5ud wrote

You answered your own question, so you don't get less next year. It will make more sense if you understand it's not done at the company level, but at an individual department level. If you're the head of the IT department and you have $100k left over at the end of the fiscal year, the CFO might say "IT saved us $100k, maybe next year they can save us $200k!" and cut your budget accordingly. Now next year you have to replace a server, but you don't have the money. You go ask for more money and some of your bosses say "well, the head of IT doesn't manage her money very well, who else we got?"

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Jkei t1_j2de3c9 wrote

You're asking why some things contain more energy (that you can extract) than others?

Time to look up the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. I'm sure they've been explained in detail on this sub before, and good old wikipedia will probably do a decent job of it too.

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