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it's a Youtube channel and he has made a few movies and books using "Missing 411" as a series title.

The body has specialized cells (called "osmoreceptors") in certain areas that measure the osmolality of blood. (An example is the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, or OVLT, if you're curious). Losing water increases blood osmolality (usually around 290 mOsm/L), which is sensed by the osmoreceptors. The osmoreceptors in turn activate two mechanisms:

1. They activate the thirst center (in the hypothelamus)
2. They cause the secretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone / ADH) from the pituitary gland, which increases the retention of free water (ie water without solutes) in the kidneys

These mechanisms increase the free water concentration of blood, causing blood osmolality to return to normal.

Please note that different mechanisms exist to address a decrease in blood volume, and if both blood volume decreases and osmolality increases, both categories of mechanisms will activate. There's considerable overlap between these mechanisms.

This is interesting to know.

I have a severe allergy to penicillin, and last time my 3 yo had penicillin he developed a rash (no other allergy symptoms like me), so the Doctor put it down to him having an allergy also

Raw honey specifically maunka honey is strong enough to be used as a prescription medicine for coughing. You are 100% wrong about honey having a placebo effect.

I was from Vancouver, WA and traveling. People would ask me where I’m from and I’d say, “Vancouver”, and they’d say, “Oh, BC.” I’d respond, “No, Washington.” To which they would say, “ Oh, DC.”

Stem cell research is still a touchy ethical discussion. Regardless of the benefits and what one might believe, there is a lot of nuance to the discussion that can’t be simply reduced by common Reddit arguments for either side.

Further, in the United States at least, medical treatments have to undergo STRICT trials and testing, the most common process comes in 4 stages. Often times, it will take up to a decade or so before a treatment even hits the market. While it’s easy to laugh at the US and our medical system, we take what we put out very seriously.

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This is why when I drink 2 bottles of cough syrup, I prefer the DXM kind.

In two words: destructive interference.

If you and a friend hold a rope taut, and your friend raises and lowers their hand once very quickly, a wave will travel on 'top' of the rope to you. If you move your hand down and up quickly, a wave will travel along the 'bottom' of the rope toward your friend. If you and your friend did this at the same time, when the two waves meet in the middle, the rope will be completely flat for an instant.

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The "lost money" was the value of their shares in companies. Shares are "worth" what somebody is willing to pay for them so their "loss" is what they would get for selling them now versus what they would have got for selling them twelve months ago.

Nobody has gained at the moment but buyers WOULD "gain" if these shares were to be sold now, as they'd be cheaper than they used to be. It's unlikely, though, that these shares will become available as rich people tend not to sell at the bottom of the market.

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Migraines cover many different types of migraine, some respond to treatment some do not. Migraines, you start with, with aura or without aura, usually have nausea, light phobia, light hurts, sound often hurts. Often migraine is one sided. They have three stages to a migraine, they last for three days. Headaches. Main groups. Migraine, cluster, sinus, tension. I noticed you mentioned vascular headaches. I have been a patient at four top headache clinics in the USA, I have three types of severe headaches, if you need an outlet to complain or question let me know

It looks like a series of self published books by the author David Paulides who also writes about Bigfoot.

From what I can tell they are overblown stories of missing persons to make them sound more mysterious.

Treatments are more profitable than cures and there are a lot of companies earning a lot of money with people paying for life-long treatment instead of a one-time cure.

One thing to add is that many people were told they are allergic to penicillin by their parents as a result of developing a rash after its use as a child. Often this rash was a result of the infection itself or from toxins released by the bacteria when they were killed and not actually an allergy.

A speaker works by shoving air forward...active noise cancellation works by sucking in the diaphragm at the same moment the 'force' of outward air to 'suck in' the energy. Microphones and knowing the speed that sound travels is what allows the noise cancellation circuitry to know exactly when to provide that 'hollow' space to cancel the noise.

No noise cancelling headphone cancels deeper frequencies as well as higher ones...the bigger the diaphragm the lower the frequency you can 'catch'. Most noise cancelling starts with passive noise cancelling - which is a fancy word for 'plugging your ears' - ala foam/vinyl/leather to block the sound from getting in. In smaller air buds you're automatically getting passive noise cancelling just by shoving them in your ears. Also your ears can only 'hear' the most powerful push...your eardrum is a diaphragm too. But it can only 'hear' the loudest thing at any given time. Many active headphones just produce a white noise 'hiss' which is amazingly effective at just drowning out the randomness of noise...and your brain just loves it as it only takes a few minutes for your brain to stop hearing that hiss/hizz noise.

Edit: Consider stereo systems...the bigger the speaker the deeper the bass. No one has 'tweeters' thumping the bass. And in ear phones have tricks to increase the bass - but the bigger the driver the better the bass sound you can get.

It's more of a matter of if the thing is really needed or just a 'nice to have' while budget dollars are still available.

My employers spend their life explaining that THAT'S NOT HOW IT WORKS.

Idiot companies operate such policies because the middle-managers want to constantly keep upping their budgets to look important, so they have constantly growing budgets, that nearly overrun all the time, to make it look like they don't have enough. Then some idiot above them just approves more money.

The same kind of middle management is also after money on their own pet projects, so when you come in £10k under-budget on one thing, they will want to spent that £10k elsewhere on something they care about. You've now "lost" that £10k permanently. Thus the only way to combat such idiotic financial management is to always use up the budget each time so they can't justify cutting it.

In any company with an ounce of common sense or financial management, that's not how it works. Many of my employers over the last few decades have had to actually announce regularly that that's just not how it works, because people come in from elsewhere with the natural *impression* that that's how it works everywhere. It's not true. And, unchecked, it will repeat even in workplaces that don't practice such idiocy because of people expecting it to work like that.

I manage several budgets in the 6-figure ranges, I basically go out of my way to make them as cheap as possible without compromising on anything. It's usually easy to do so, because there's a lot of nonsense wastage like this everywhere I go. I sometimes do "deals" too - look, I will cut out this £10k piece of equipment that was budgeted, replace it with a £2k thing that does everything we need but, and this is important, I want £5k of that saving to go on that thing you denied the other day because we didn't have any money for it. Agreed?

More often than not the employer gets what they need, they get a saving AND I get the thing that my department's been after for years. I just started at a new workplace and have already done this twice.

Because they actually LIKE people who can cut their budget and say "Well, yes, I'm sure that's a lovely piece of kit... but we don't actually need that level of equipment, we can do everything we need to do with a cheaper version without compromising on time or quality."

When I was self-employed many years ago, I would promise my clients that I would save them AT LEAST as much money as it cost them to pay me... and I always did so. Because there is just so much unnecessary wastage because of nonsense like this.

Budget-holders have a responsibility to have a low cost, but also to fulfil all their needs - present and future - from that cost. You also have a responsibility to know what's necessary and what's not because you hold the budget and therefore you should know... because the people above you DO NOT KNOW.

Padding your budget is fraud, as far as I'm concerned, and customers and even your colleagues are paying for that. Every penny wasted is more money that doesn't end up in your pay packet, eventually. Even if that's just in the form of "Hey, Jeff, you saved us £50k this year! Have a £500 bonus!".

Places that operate like this often don't know that it's happening, don't want it to happen, or limited to only a layer of middle-management that do it for their own status-symbol gain (e.g. saving money to then spend on vanity projects and sucking up to the boss). It's partly the upper-management's fault for not keeping it in check, but also they can't micromanage every budget and have to trust budget-holders.

But nowhere where there's any actual sense of budgetary control is it actually "official policy".

Penicillin and its derivatives have been around longest, and are therefore the least expensive and most widely available. The more people take them, and the more frequently the same person takes them, the more opportunities there are to develop an allergy.

Honey is antibacterial. It never spoils. And lemon is acidic, also antibacterial.

Combine the two and they have antioxidants which soothe the body

Yeah, okay buddy.

I did some research and it looks like active noise canceling is still done with purely hardware, because software cannot process the sound fast enough.

By purely hardware I mean it is an analog system, not digital.

You realize this is like saying “I’ve never been murdered, so murder doesn’t exist!!”

Acids from lemons and limes can improve the shelf life of some foods by inhibiting bacterial growth. Pickling is a common example of this (acetic acid though rather than citric or ascorbic acid).

There is no evidence that eating these foods will do anything to any bacteria in your body. Your stomach already contains an impressive amount of digestive acid and your gut is fully colonized by a significant biome of bacteria that you would not want to kill. Eating a lemon isn't going to do anything.

But even if it did, colds are not actually caused by bacteria. They're caused by viruses.

If you want advice on how to prevent or recover from illness more quickly, please talk to your doctor and don't listen to random people on social media. That's the lesson you should take away from this. All of this junk about raw honey and vitamin C is just that: junk medicine.