Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

ProveISaidIt t1_j2fuy7h wrote

Thank you. I had heard microwave was discovered because it melted a chocolate bar in some guys pocket. I knew that you can use them to ionize the gas in florescent tubes and freak out the Boatswains Mates or so I'd heard. I was in the US Navy Reserve for a spell.

I didn't know things like dishware would heat up on its own. We got our first microwave 40 years ago as mentioned. The warning was always never to run the oven without something moist to absorb the energy. So I've never put just a plate in.

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tomalator t1_j2fu18n wrote

If we aren't producing enough, the grid actually slows down, and it will speed up if we produce too much. Depending in where you live, the grid runs at 50 or 60Hz. Once it drops above or below a certain threshold, we know to produce more or less power. Basically the generators at power plants encounter more or less resistance if they aren't meeting demand perfectly, so they can spin faster or slower than they are supposed to.

We have also gotten very good at predicting people's power usage, so we are prepared for big spikes and drops that happen at regular intervals like people getting home from work. We also account for how much solar power we get and adjust our predicted demand based on that because you can't exactly just turn off solar panels

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epelle9 t1_j2ftj0f wrote

Well, it's actually the second law that states this, not the first one. It says that heat flows from the object with higher temperature to the object with lower temperature.

How a microwave basically works is that it sends out microwaves at a certain frequency that they interact with water.

It basically interacts with most polar molecules causing them to spin and heat up. Since water is a polar molecule that can interact with microwave frequencies, it interacts with them, absorbing the wave and as a result producing heat. Transforming the electromagnetic energy (since microwaves are electromagnetic waves) into thermal energy.

But water isn't the only polar molecule that can interact with microwave frequencies of electromagnetic waves, other molecules can have that same interaction too.

So when you put a plate (or any object) into the microwave that also has molecules that interact with microwave frequencies, that plate (or those objects) also heat up just like water would.

If you want to know what causes the molecules to spin, it's that their polarity (which is linked to its dipole moment) wants to align with electromagnetic fields, and the microwaves (as well as any electromagnetic wave), is just a disruption to the magnetic field, so the polar molecules wants to align with the constantly changing electromagnetic field.

Water (H2O) is a polar molecule because of it's structure, since the molecule is formed at an angle, with the O molecules going the opposite side as the H molecule, since O is more electronegative, it attracts the electrons to one side, causing that side to have more negative charge and the other side a positive one.

Think of it as every water molecule being a compass, with one side negatively charged and the other positively. It wants to align with the world's electromagnetic field and point north. Now if you bombard the world with other electromagnetic waves, the field will be constantly changing and causing the compass to spin fast, which would cause friction that ends up being heat.

But it would heat up all compasses, not just the ones created from X material. And there are many molecules that are polar, not just water.

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DrachenDad t1_j2ftdzr wrote

Answer: If Drano is the American analogue of (WCF) Dranex we use over here (a product that can't be sold to the public,) then it's either putting plumbers out of a job or people are using it improperly and destroying their pipework.

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redittrr t1_j2ftb10 wrote

The sensation of feeling thirsty is caused by a variety of factors, but one of the main causes is dehydration. When our bodies lose fluids, such as through sweating, urination, or vomiting, we can become dehydrated. As the level of fluids in our bodies decreases, our bodies send signals to our brains to let us know that we need to replenish the fluids.

One of the main ways that our bodies send these signals is through a hormone called vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). When our bodies are dehydrated, the level of ADH in our bodies increases. This hormone helps to regulate the amount of water in our bodies by signaling to our kidneys to conserve water and reduce the amount of urine produced. As a result, we may feel thirsty as our bodies try to conserve water and maintain proper fluid balance.

In addition to the release of ADH, other factors that can contribute to feeling thirsty include an increase in body temperature, an increase in the concentration of electrolytes in our bodies, and certain medications or medical conditions.

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tomalator t1_j2ft4hv wrote

When you have a bit of code that will be run over and over again with different inputs each time, you write a function. We need a start and an end to the function. Multiple ends are ok, but we always need to make sure we end it. If we don't don't the function, the code will just keep going, reading whatever is next after the function, thinking it's still in that function, and thats not ok. It could read anything, maybe even stuff you haven't written because it's not going through the code, but rather it goes through the memory of the computer and who knows what bits it will interpret as commands, what it will overwrite or what mischief it gets up to.

Let's write a function called divide

Divide(a, b)

If(b==0){

Return null

}

C = a/b

Return c

This is properly written code. If I instead left out that "return null" the function would try to do a/0, which it can't do.

Now lets write a function called multiply.

Multiply(a, b)

c = a * b

Return c

Here, if we left out return, the code would just keep running on and on through whatever memory address follow multiply. Let's say our function divide is kept there, then instead of returning a * b, it would return a/b

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HappyHuman924 t1_j2fso6g wrote

Your liver produces an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase, which it uses to "detoxify" ethanol. Unfortunately it breaks down ethanol by converting it to ethanaldehyde. The symptoms of ethanaldehyde poisoning are nausea, vomiting and headache.

Your liver also has a trick for converting ethanaldehyde into ethanoic acid, but if you drink enough you're going to have all the elements of the ethanol - ethanaldehyde - ethanoic acid chain floating around in your blood at once, because it takes time to process it all.

The reason people end up blind, paralyzed and dying from drinking methanol is that your liver tries to process that with alcohol dehydrogenase too, and converts it into methanaldehyde, aka formaldehyde, which is quite toxic and especially harmful to nerve cells.

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