If I had awards to give, this comment would get one.

Now I kinda want to tour a Michelob brewery to see how it's made. But at the same time, I think that might be a bad idea.

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TIL drinking Michelob turns you into a cannibal

As you can see, even supervillians are afraid of lawyers

Ok. Noted.

Anyhow, to expand in Trump and Putin’s practice if never properly identifying or acknowledging political foes…

Companies that use "leading brand" or "other products" are simply more risk averse (they don't want to get sued). Companies that name their competitor are not afraid of being sued. This could either be because they have proof of their superiority claim, or they are comfortable with the legal risk.

All large companies that advertise have legal counsel (sometimes external, sometimes on staff). Generally, a lawyer will assess the risk of a claim and advise the decision makers in the marketing department of the risk level - high, medium or low. A high risk claim has a higher likelihood of provoking legal action from a competitor, and has to be signed off by a more senior director or VP. However, if they have facts and data to back up the claim, and can defend it in court, they can run with it.

Networks will not allow commercials with superiority claims to air unless the advertiser submits substantiation backing up the claim. Local stations are less strict.

I'm an advertising producer, and I've worked with large advertisers that do the "leading brand" thing. Any time we did a side-by-side efficacy demonstration, I had to sign an affidavit that the demonstration was real, shot and edited without special effects. Companies do sue each other, and have even gone as far as sending a subpoena to view raw camera footage from the commercial shoot.

No. Its just a bad comparison that should not be used.

Which is why I said it made them look silly. Trump and Putin are marketers. But the political product is different from soap and cars.

I don't think this is at all a good comparison. Politics and especially highly unusual people such as the ones you mentioned don't necessarily follow the same rules as generic branding and advertising concepts

You see this with Putin and Trump. They play the part of ‘industry leader’ by never using opponents real names. This of course only makes them look insecure and frightened.

I think anyone who drinks Michelob is likely a cannibal.

No legal issues in just making a comparison or mentioning another brand, as long as you don't say intentionally damaging and false claims, like saying Michelob makes you a cannibal. Sometimes they simply don't want to advertise their competition.

A side note though, if you are the category leader, like say Coke over Pepsi -- you NEVER, ever mention your competitor. You are the champ, they are nothing to you, you don't mention them,

If you're not the cateogry leader, you can and often do call out others in the industry to say why your product is better than them. That is, Pepsi will say its better than coke, but Coke will never mention pepsi

Facts.

It's mostly genetic. Body language and facial expressions are largely programmed into our DNA and we are born with the knowledge of how to perform them and interpret them. This is unlike verbal language, which is 100% learned.

Have you ever noticed that no matter who the person is on this Earth, whether they be Chinese, African, Native American, European, etc, you can kind of tell if they are happy or sad from a picture or drawing without ever needing to learn anything about their language? This is pretty remarkable. We have a mechanism of communication amongst humans that is universal and belongs to us as a species.

Dogs and other social mammals also have body language cues they use to communicate with one another. You can look up a handbook of all the various dog body language meanings. Tail wagging indicates they are happy or anticipatory, raised teeth and ears back indicates aggression, etc.

yup my baby laughs when having fun but also laughs like a mad man when we laugh, i think its both natural and copy mechanics..

The same way your ears hear more than one frequency.

The sounds around us are composed of a complex range of frequencies mixed together. Those mixed together sounds impact your eardrum causing it to vibrate and you hear it.

If you were able to make your eardrum vibrate the same exact way, and amplify the movement, it would emit the same sound you just heard.

Electronic speakers and microphones are the same.

Very simplified, microphones are just speakers. Electricity applied to a speaker makes it move.

This works in reverse too, moving or vibrating a speaker manually makes tiny bits of electricity that match that movement or vibration.

The complex pattern of sound hitting a (mic / speaker) and the resulting complex pattern of electricity it makes can be recorded.

Then you amplify and play back that pattern of electricity to a much larger and louder mic/speaker and that same sound is reproduced

Your ears or a microphone actually move very very little with sound. So you can hear low and high frequencies at the same time.

Similarly most (not all) headphones are just a single tiny speaker that do a decent job of reproducing most frequencies that humans can hear. They can do this because they don’t have to move very much (and be very loud). Again, like my “your ears in reverse” example.

However large speakers have to move a LOT to make very loud low frequency sound. If a speaker is moving an inch back and forth 500 times a second, ALSO trying to make it vibrate a fraction of a millimeter’s distance, 20,000 times per second at the same time doesn’t sound very good.

So to make loud amplified sound, sound better they divide up the work. Small very tight speakers (tweeters) are good at making high pitched sounds. (But can’t move enough to make loud low frequency sounds)

Large loose speakers (woofers) that can move a lot are very good at making low frequency sounds. (But are not tight enough to make loud high frequency sounds)

Inside a speaker is something called a crossover that divides up the electric pattern such that high frequencies go to the tweeter and low frequencies go to the woofer.

That way you can more accurately reproduce loud sound at much higher volume levels.

Paul Ekman is a psychologist famous for his research on body language/nonverbal communication. He found that there are at least several "universal" emotions and corresponding facial expressions, like anger, sadness, joy, disgust, etc. However, there are thousands of expressions our facial muscles can produce, and it's probable that we learn at least a few of them from our environments and cultures.

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It's a mixture I think. There's a tribe which Malcolm gladwell talked about in his book talking to strangers which expressed themselves very differently facially to most in the west.

Gorillas laugh, they probably didn’t learn that from humans. However some facial expressions are learned. In India the way they move their heads when talking is almost a language in itself. These head movements can vary region to region.

Blind people naturally smile and deaf people know how to laugh, so it's most likely that these are inherent behaviors, not learned.

All the speaker does is move forwards and backwards. Its a linear motor.

If you take 2 signals (say 2 simple frequencies) and add them together, you get a new, combined signal.

Picture

The above combined signal is created from 2 simple sine waves with a high and a low frequency. If the speaker moves in the combined pattern, it will create waves of air pressure which will stimulate 2 different length hair cells in your cochlea.

The hardest part is to track down actual pictures, information, and footage of those who were raised from infancy by animals. I have this vague idea that, without reinforcement from human faces around them, the muscles for smiling will atrophy.

Imagine dropping a single pebble into a puddle. Now imagine a handful. Now record that clip and play it back. Now just translate that to sound waves - the recording encodes the ripples, the speaker merely reproduces it.