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To prop up TurboTax and H&R Block. It's a scam

So if you do it wrong they get to fine you for more money.

So why are we filing our own taxes when the government already knows what we owe?

This seems to operate under the incorrect assumption that tax refunds are equivalent to taxes paid.

They are not.

When filling out income tax forms at work you can set how much is taken out of a paycheck and paid to taxes. The amount can vary on a lot of things like marriage status, disabilities etc.
If you set the amount too high and paid more in taxes than you owed, then you get a refund.

If you did not pay enough, then you would owe more money during tax time.

You only get refunded when you paid them more than you are required to by law.

By default when people have an employer take their money directly out of their check it tends to be "too much" so you get some of that money back. Because it's the law.

The government isn't giving everyone *all* of their tax money back. It's giving some people some of their money back.

They refund the part you paid, but didn't actually owe. Fill out your W4 to have less money taken out and keep what's yours throughout the year instead of giving the government an interest free loan every year.

They only refund the amount you gave them over what you had to.

You gave them a free loan.

Basically the "official" storyline = canon.

For example. Take star wars, there are loads of books and games that advance the story in their own way. But some of the stories conflict with each other and some conflict with the movies and the books. That fan fiction you read where jar jar is a sith lord? Thats not canon because it is not the official storyline. That computer game where you play as the bad guy and kill luke skywalker? Not Canon, officially didn't happen. More of a what if scenario.

So Canon = official storyline

Then you get headcanon which you see people on reddit talk about. Headcanon = the official storyline in your head. I feel its easy to talk about this while we have canon nailed down (not that you asked but its related)

Head Canon = the storyline you accept in your head. Not the actual official storyline.

A great example of this is the mass effect series. The games ending was so awful that we were left lacking. Then i read this essay on what the ending really was and maybe we were all lied to and it was a plot twist from beginning to end. I personally prefer to think of the story in terms of the plot twist being true. It makes the ending satisfying for me. Its not the "official" ending as stated by the company who made mass effect but it is a better story like this. So this is now my headcanon. That fan fiction i read online as the ending in my own eyes is the ending.

Simply because that is how it remains conserved.

Lets look at the conservation of momentum first. Its a vector quantity. We define momentum p=m×v that way because that is how it remains conserved. Now not only the direction but the "lenght" of that vector is conserved. We can create a scalar quantity based of of that fact. So just a number and call it kinetic energy.

The term "canon" predates movies and shows. It means a law that other things are judged by, or the authoritative source. You'll hear a lot about religious canon, for example.

"Canon" when it comes to movie means the absolute authority to the lore -- what the creators of the movie, for example, say.

Canon is the official continuity of a franchise...it's what "really happened." What counts as canon depends on the franchise, as they all have different definitions.

If a part of a franchise is considered canon, that means the fans should expect other canon to respect what happens in that part, and not overwrite it; if something canon is ignored in other parts of canon, it becomes confusing.

For example, if your franchise is primarily a TV show, but it also has tie-in novels that you consider canon, then the writers of the TV show have to make sure that events in the show don't contradict events in the book, and vice versa.

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Canon just means accurate to the lore. Be it a movie/show/book/comic ..etc

Non canonical is the opposite, where it hasn't been said/isn't specifically something that happened or was part of the content. Like fan fiction, art, or other forms of narrative not written by the creator/team/group the content came from.

Think of things like star trek. It is canonical that data is an android devoid of emotions. But it is not canon to say he was does feel, if all he has done is learn about the process. Some fanfic will have it so he has a update to his OS that allows it, or similar, and that is not canonical.

Head cannon in relation to it all is a fans own idea of what is true/right in that fandom or setting. Like some have it as a head canon that the characters reality is all a dream during a coma experienced by the protagonist. It may become popular enough that others agree and follow that head canon, but it still isn't canon to the original.

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You have correctly identified the fact that kinetic energy is frame dependent and not conserved between frames of reference.

You aren’t really missing anything other than that you should do all comparisons from within the same frame of reference, but what frame you choose can be arbitrary and the math will ultimately all work out.

They’ve never asked me to sign anything acknowledging they were out of network until today. I would have understood if my insurance changed (it hasn’t) or if they had dropped Aetna as a provider. When I asked them if they dropped Aetna they said they have never contracted with Aetna, which now I understand is different than excepting Aetna thanks to your first comment. All very informative and I appreciate your explanation!

Nope! My insurance has been the same for the last 3 years and I selected to keep the same coverage during our open enrollment in November. To say I was caught off guard today would be an understatement.

I had an ankle surgery in 2015, and it was supposed to be a 1 hour surgery tops. Well, there were complications, and my surgery ended up taking nearly 10 hours (one of the bones in my foot was so brittle that it literally shattered, which was just one of several problems my doc filled me in on). After a 3 night hospital stay, I go home. I paid a total of $2500 thanks to ridiculously amazing insurance (I worked at one of the big banks at the time). I later get the EOB (explanation of benefits) from my insurance company explaining how much they paid for the services, and it was almost $200K between my doctor, multiple visits from the anesthesiologist, hospital fees, 3 nights stay, and the best damn pain killers to exist on the market at the time.

Doctors decide (every year?) what insurance they will accept. I remember one particular year where essentially every single doctor in my area that used to take my insurance decided that the reimbursement rates (or the hassle factor) were too much and stopped taking the insurance.

My list of potential doctors went from "dozens" to "one" (and then that one doctor retired a few months later)

"In network" means the doctor or location has a contract with insurance regarding payment rates and other details of coverage. Typically, this contract will also include provisions such as no "balance billing", where the doctor can charge you more than your insurance thinks is acceptable, requiring you to foot the bill.

A doctor or location "accepting" insurance means they are willing to bill the insurance directly. A location not accepting your insurance does not mean your insurance won't cover the work, but merely that you'll need to pay the doctor directly and file a claim with the insurance to be reimbursed.

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Presuming the US: There are also a few specific laws in place, such as insurance having to treat all emergency care as "in network" and balance billing being disallowed for such care. You also cannot be billed as "out of network" if you go to an "in network" facility and are treated, fully or partially, by an out of network provider, unless you are reasonably warned ahead of time that the provider is out of network.

In a world without insurance, you'd go to a doctor when you had a problem and they'd fix you and send you a bill, which you'd pay in full.

Insurance adds a layer to that, where you pay them a fixed amount every month and in turn they pay the doctor's bills.

Rather than paying 100% of everything, the insurance companies have certain rules – you have a deductible that you must meet yourself first, they will only cover certain procedures, they will only cover a max amount or percentage for each procedure and you must pay the rest yourself, and more.

Now, insurance companies also have tie-ups with certain doctors and hospitals. These doctors will have special rates just for your insurance provider, and so your insurance will cover more of the cost than normal. These are called in-network doctors.

This doesn't mean that out of network doctors won't be covered at all, but your insurance will just have stricter rules for them.

Did the company you work for recently change insurance providers during their last open enrollment?