Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

BurnOutBrighter6 t1_j66urgn wrote

Even if there was vapor loss, that vapor is still aluminum atoms. They'll condense somewhere and still be aluminum. So the amount of aluminum on Earth stays the same no matter how much we "use". I think that's what they're getting at with "100% recyclable".

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Flair_Helper t1_j66skmb wrote

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explainlikeimfive-ModTeam t1_j66sk0z wrote

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Your submission has been removed for the following reason(s):

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Skusci t1_j66sbyk wrote

Actually yeah, it's that simple. Like say you take some aluminum cans and melt them in your backyard. Some of the inks and plastics burns off from the heat. The oxides float up to the top and you can scoop them out. What you pour out after is basically clean aluminum. Big industrial process are bigger, but functionally the same. They just pay a bit more attention to not letting oxygen contact the molten aluminum to prevent unnecessary oxidation. There are still some non aluminum impurities that get in there so you can't make a lot of alloys out of it, but it's plenty fine for lots of purposes like aluminum foil and cans and stuff that aren't like making up the wing of an airplane.

The dross you skim out is mostly it's aluminum oxide, but also contains a large amount of metallic aluminum that followed along for the ride. Depending on the initial melt composition and handling it can contain anywhere from 15%-85% recoverable aluminum. That can be recovered by mixing it with molten salt fluxes. This allows the metallic aluminum to separate out while the oxides mix in with the salt in a separate layer. You get an even worse grade of aluminum out due to the large amount of flux used, but again it's still useful for lots of stuff and the whole melting process takes something like 90% less energy vs processing raw aluminum oxides. The extra contamination from the salt flux is why you don't just toss in a bunch of salt in the first place.

Afterward once the salt is loaded up so much that it isn't useful as flux anymore is allowed to cool and is pitched as trash. It's called salt cake, and is actually a decent bit hazardous. Disposing of it safely is kindof becoming a problem actually.

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popejubal t1_j66q5qb wrote

If commander X is giving press briefing alone and tells the public that the rest of the staff is DOING THE TASK instead of standing silently at the press conference contributing nothing, then the public will know. Just like most press briefings that most organizations hold. Even the White House press briefings have just the White House press secretary with a couple of assistants who stay off camera to help do things that the press secretary needs. Not a gaggle of hangers on whose job for the day is just to stand there and look imposing.

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Skusci t1_j66ozb4 wrote

Spring water is usually naturally filtered by passing through porous rocks on it's way out. In general it's gonna be cleaner than water from a river or a well, but of course not all springs are equal. Often you get delicious minerals dissolved in it which can be touted as "healthier" but mostly just taste different. Sometimes you get harmful compounds leeched into it. And the actual collection point usually isn't a rock, the water generally pools somewhere, it collects in a groundwater reservoir where bacteria can get into it.

So basically you still want to test a spring regularly to see if it's safe, and filter/boil it if you don't have the ability to test it.

But you know. If you are in a less developed place, and more or less already adapted to ordinary bacteria there, a spring in an elevated area that doesn't catch runoff is gonna be about the best source of water you are gonna get.

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skaliton t1_j66npbz wrote

exactly this 'the thin blue line' "works" because they pretend it does. Then the sole example of a bad union in the US whines and cries to make sure they are never held accountable for anything up to and including murder. Keep in mind when George Floyd was murdered he wasn't even the only police murder caught on camera in the press. He was just the only victim to receive some justice

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pk10534 t1_j66n884 wrote

>doesn’t impress anyone

>another way for cops to power trip

This question doesn’t seem to be being asked in good faith. I’ve got no qualms with somebody having issues with police, but the point of this sub is to get explanations for things you don’t understand, whereas you appear to have already decided the answer and motivations and just want validation for it.

I’m not sure how you think police departments work, or how any jobs works, but I find it difficult to believe you don’t understand how some employees might have 15 minutes to set aside for a press conference. And those officers probably aren’t assigned to the case. Police departments have officers who are on desk duty or even “reception” at police stations, so there’s a chance these guys aren’t focused on solving crimes at all at the moment. They could also be senior police who are handling the situation with the chief and are there as a show of support and to demonstrate there are numbers behind the case.

Point being, there are a litany of reasons those other people could be there and if you think this press conference is the difference between Justice and no Justice I just don’t know what to tell you. But again, I get the feeling you’re either looking for an argument or looking to get validated rather than having genuine interest being PR strategies

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wildfire393 t1_j66mz77 wrote

I'm not sure this works for grapes, but I know the method they use for watermelons is quite clever.

Sex cells, like sperm and eggs, are made by evenly splitting chromosomes. Humans, for instance, have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs, and each pair splits off so the sex cell has 23 chromosomes. Those 23 mix with the 23 from another person's sex cells and you end up with the 46 chromosomes that will make a new person.

But if you have an uneven number of chromosomes, you can't split them, and will therefore be sterile and incapable of producing sex cells. This is why mules are (generally) infertile - horses and donkeys have different numbers of chromosomes, so while they can reproduce and make a mule, that mule has an odd number of chromosomes and is sterile.

So for watermelons, what they've done is taken a strain and engineered it to have doubled chromosomes. Rather than have 30, for instance (I don't recall the exact number of chromosomes they have but it's not strictly relevant), it has 60, with every chromosome just duplicated. So the genetic makeup is the same and the fruit is exactly the same. They can breed the normal watermelons with other normal watermelons and the doubled watermelons with other doubled watermelons, and either of those results in seeded fruit, which they can use to keep growing the next generation.

But when they cross the two, the resulting melon has an odd number of chromosomes (in the example above it'd have 15 from one parent and 30 from the other for 45 total). It's still got the usual genetic makeup and grows as normal, but as it can't form sex cells, it doesn't develop seeds.

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oblivious_fireball t1_j66koa1 wrote

Its easier to understand if you ever see those cross sections of cadavers, but when you gain body fat, its not just pushing out, its also pushing in, and it adds weight to you. This puts pressure on your organs and your muscles and bones(lungs and heart included) to keep up and support you. Because obesity is often caused by poor eating habits and/or lack of exercise, and your body is now storing a large excess of fat, it tends to go hand in hand with high cholesterol(which can lead to blood clots and heart disease) and high blood sugar(which can lead to diabetes).

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