There is no real controversy to it, it's hogwash. Its walking around with a stick and pointing at a random point on property. It doesn't matter which part of your property you dig, there is or there isn't groundwater to be had, 100m here or there makes no difference. There usually is though, so seemingly the water witch is almost always validated. Nobody digs at all the other places the witch doesn't point to in order to check if maybe those have water at the same depth too.

Exactly!

Pretty much just dig, there are hints as to where you are more likely to find underground water so you look for areas where more plants grow; especially deep-rooted ones. There are other hints as well but nothing concrete until the development of ground penetrating radar and other deep scanning techniques.

A fluid is anything that can flow. A liquid is a type of fluid (another type is a gas, probably a plasma as well).

So liquid is a subgroup of the states of matter that are fluid.

Yes, I had written it all and tried to keep it simple.

It's also noteworthy that fire was used for heat for many thousands of years.

Boiling water with fire was used for heat before electricity even existed. So boilers could work in apartment buildings in places like New York or Chicago with fanless radiators.

When electricity came out, adding a fan made heaters more comfortable at it evens out the temperature in a room.

Heat pumps are a fairly recent idea, and are by far the most energy efficient way to heat a house along with geothermal. Both these technologies are able to basically absorb heat from outside.

Even if it's zero degrees outside, there's still some heat because it's not -40 or colder.

Oil and propane are used for rural houses and have to be delivered by truck. More urban houses can have natural gas that's piped.

Hydrogen is a clean gas that could theoretically be used instead of natural gas, but probably won't be.

Burning things was traditionally much cheaper than electricity. So for big houses in areas with cold winters it made sense before.

Today if you burn natural gas, hydrogen, propane, oil, or wood at a power plant to make electricity. If this electricity powers a heat pump it will produce more heat than burning it at home.

As a result heat pumps work better than hydrogen at your home.

Heat pumps have trouble in super cold weather though, but they're improving as a new technology.

Early heat pumps struggled below 40 degrees Fahrenheit (roughly 5C).

Then they got them to work down to 32 degrees Fahrenheit (zero C).

Now some can work below -10 Fahrenheit (-23C).

Science named it amorphous solids.

In the most basic sense it's a solid liquid. But that's not conducive to the model so they named it amorphous solid.

It's a solid that is atomicly a liquid or should be according to the standard model of physics. But it's not. So it's an amorphous solid.

I had it backwards then. A peltier is a type of heat pump, not the other way around.

That makes it cooler in my opinion. It also kind of reminds me of Spaceballs, with the raspberry jam.

Amorphous solids are solids man. Give it up

Yeah, the ability to accelerate from a stop up to 5 to 10mph on electric only really boosts city fuel economy. For a conventional car or bus, this is where they have the absolute worst fuel economy gulping down fuel in 1st or 2nd gear. I'd also suspect that bus drivers taking off from a stop in a regular diesel bus would step on the throttle and cause the engine to run a rich fuel / air mixture. So the benefits accrue here as well in the fuel efficiency and maintenance departments.

Going forward, I'm glad we're seeing explosive growth in all electric buses and cars. They're vastly more efficient and simpler than a hybrid drive train, avoiding the tradeoffs between power and efficiency hybrids had to make. Hybridization was a great technology for its time but it's increasingly being supplanted by full electric architecture.

Given what I’ve heard of most engineers, because we have software designed to solve all that stuff most of the stuff in class we don’t use ourselves lol. Though understanding the theory behind it still helps. Specially when something goes wrong you know what to look for.

Pretty much. Sure there are places where there is no groundwater and you simply hit bedrock, but those are rather rare. Most of the world, if you have soil, you have groundwater. You just need to dig deep enough.

But it's still a solid.

>In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. The terms "glass" and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo a glass transition. Examples of amorphous solids include glasses, metallic glasses, and certain types of plastics and polymers.

>An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass, glassy metal, or shiny metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals are non-crystalline, and have a glass-like structure.

Still a solid tho

Glad to know that if I ever have crazy killers in animal masks trying to get me, my best chance is to army crawl with my laptop to the router (pretty sure they'd have to get into our basement to cut the cable, or cut it at the router itself, in which case I'm fucked anyway.) Thank you for the explanation!

I used to go karting for 6 hours straigh. I only experienced a down after it, during the period I was entirely fine

There is water somewhere beneath your feet no matter where on Earth you live. Groundwater starts as precipitation, just as surface water does, and once water penetrates the ground, it continues moving, sometimes quickly and sometimes very slowly.

I'm not sure about the other questions tho. But when my parents were building their house they hired a "water witch" and she did the dowsing and found a spring where they put their well house.

I know that water dowsing is controversial but that's just my experience.

>Tbh I just kind of assumed that they somehow blocked the signal from getting through

Nope! That is what intuition would say, but in reality, it just overpowers the signal you are trying to receive with noise (think gray static on a tv along with that characteristic hissing noise) that is at a higher power/amplitude/volume than the signal itself

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Amorphous solids are solids that have an atomic makeup closer to a liquid.

Amorphous solids are not liquid. They are amorphous solid. They have properties of both solids and liquids, but they are neither.

There are far more than 7 states, and it is pretty likely that any list you or I or an expert in the field could come up with would be incomplete 20 years from now.

You are dying on the hill of 'There are more than four states of matter, but we must place everything in one of those states'

That has the atomic makeup of liquid structure. A non crystalline lattice.

This is a great analogy! Tbh I just kind of assumed that they somehow blocked the signal from getting through, similar to cutting the electrical wires. This makes much more sense, though.

Yes a SOLID liquid.

amorphous solid, any noncrystalline solid in which the atoms and molecules are not organized in a definite lattice pattern.

Like a liquid.

Heat pumps don't use peltier elements. They compress and expand a gas.