Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

cantrell_blues t1_j6ev19j wrote

Vogue evolved from the culture of queer ballrooms where dance gatherings, contests and shows were held. Modern "vogue" almost died in the 80s with the AIDS crisis, but ultimately survived by spreading to Europe and East Asia fused with other queer forms of dancing like whacking. Both voguing and whacking have major elements of character work (pretending to be a model or a super star) and story telling (moving your arms in a way that convey a message or tell a story). These are crucial elements that have acted like coping mechanisms for the often disenfranchised black and Latin performers.

I don't know the origin of the death drop, but I know that it is more common in certain styles of vogue than others. The main move set is whacking, which we've covered as stylishly flailing your arms, catwalking which is a model strut, duckwalking which walking while crouching, story telling which is moving your arms to convey a message or meaning (ex. swiping over your face to emphasize your looks) and the death drop which is it falling on your back but using one leg to catch you as you fall.

The main styles of vogue are old school which emphasizes more geometrical moves, new school which is usually divided into stunty which emphasizes dramatic stunts jumps spins and drops, and femme which emphasizes soft and "cunty" moves as well as feminine story telling.

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justlookingforajob1 t1_j6euz82 wrote

It's basically one of two (or two and a half) ways.

1 - The name the country calls itself in its language is spread around and changes in spelling and pronunciation occur as it shifts between languages, but there is still the "root" of that name in that "home" language. Remember, a lot of place names came about before modern communications.

2 - The name is attributed because of some real or perceived characteristic of the country and some term is coined in another country to refer to the people and place of the other country.

2.5 - A name from 2 is then spread around to other countries and languages, kinda like in 1.

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Clewin t1_j6etac0 wrote

100% BLUE Agave. I make that distinction because there are tequila mixes with green Agave (Mezcal) that are 51% Blue as well. Tequila's main requirement is it being manufactured in Jalisco with Blue Agavé as the main ingredient. They use the piña, or the fruit of the plant, not the leaves, but the leaves are strong fibers and have other uses (like rope).

My ex ran a tourism company and I've been on so many tequila tours...

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Shawaii t1_j6esj4j wrote

It's somewhat tied to whomever is making contact, mapping the area, etc. Sometimes they makes stuff up or just name it after the city (probably asked "what do you call this place?"

Germany comes from a town in Deutschland.

Taiwan was called Formosa until quite recently, named ilha Formosa (beautiful island) by Portugese explorers.

Japan calls itself Nippon or Nihon, but the Portugese learned of Japan from the Chinese who would pronounce the same written characters "cipangu" or the Malay who would say, "Japang".

In China, the US is called Mei Guo or "beautiful country".

England in Ying Guo, which sounds pretty close.

San Francisco is Jiu Jin Shan or "old gold mountain"

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tdscanuck t1_j6erxv5 wrote

Movies.

Movie makers like having a nice wide backdrop, it gives them a lot of room and, since we mostly operate on a (nearly) horizontal plane, there's a lot more interesting things happening to the left and right than up and down.

There a number of particular wide formats, it doesn't *have* to be 16:9, but that's why we generally like wide formats.

We got stuck with 4:3 for years on computer monitors & TVs because it's *very* difficult to make a widescreen CRT tube. They want to be 1:1 for technical reasons and 4:3 was about as close as they could get to a widescreen format that would look movie-ish.

Fast forward about 80 years and the technical constraints went away...modern LCD/LED screens don't care what shape they are.

16:9 got settled on as the standard format for DVD/HD TV as a nice compromise where virtually all widescreen movie (and now TV) formats look pretty good with minimal black bars for the weird movie formats, so now essentially all displays are 16:9 for maximum compatibility.

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quintus_horatius t1_j6ert8z wrote

High blood pressure leads your heart to work hard constantly, with two long-term effects:

  • you get an enlarged heart, which can actually lead to less efficient beating - there's only so much room in there, so a larger heart has less room in which to beat;
  • your blood vessels never get a chance to relax, so they tend to harden, meaning that the higher pressures are progressively experienced further away from your heart.

Harder, stiffer blood vessels are more prone to breaking and tearing. They're also more prone to damage that leads to clotting, but the clots don't stick as well. Your risk of strokes rises.

As time passes and your heart spends years working much harder than it was designed for, the muscle starts to degrade, so eventually you have this rather large yet, paradoxically, very weak heart that beats ineffectively. Your blood vessels are trashed all the way out to the capillaries, and between that and the ineffective beating you're not getting adequate oxygen to your extremities. the only fix we have, and it's not a good one, is total heart replacement - organ transplant.

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ZevVeli t1_j6eqabi wrote

Usually the name of the nation is based on a specific quality of the nation or a translation of the name that they have. For example the name in Japanese for Japan is Nippon which means "Sun's Origin" the name for it in Chinese is 日本 (Rìbĕn) which also means Sun's origin, now Europe traded more with China than Japan so they asked "What is the name of those Islands to the East?" They said "哪个是日本。" (That is the Sun's Origin) So the Italian traders came back and pronounced RìBĕn as Shippan, which the English speakers heard as Japan.

Generally speaking the closer in root languages and more phenotypes the two languages have in common the closer the names will be together. Additionally the more modern the country's founding the more likely that they are to be similar. It should be noted however that changing a language can be seen as a political statement.

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Belzeturtle t1_j6ep8h7 wrote

Physicist here. Amorphous doesn't mean it changes. Amorphous means "it has no long-range order". As opposed to crystalline solids, where this longe-range translational symmetry is present.

Glass is an amorphous solid. It's not a liquid. It has a structure somewhat similar to a liquid, but calling it "a liquid which doesn't flow" is like calling a tank "an aeroplane that doesn't fly".

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workingMan9to5 t1_j6eott9 wrote

Empathy is directly tied to the ratio between estrogen and testosterone in the body. (Yes, this is a grossly simplified statement, it's eli5 not eliamdoingmydissertstion.) Any drug that affects brain chemistry or blocks receptors in the brain (which paracetamol does) also alters the way the brain uses hormones like testosterone and estrogen, which then can affect mood, empathy, etc. by changing that ratio or changing the brain's perception of that ratio. (For example, the brain may have the same amount of estrogen, but if it can't absorb it out of the blood then it percieves that there is less, etc.)

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EvenSpoonier t1_j6eo4vm wrote

This gets into SOH CAH TOA.

The sine of an angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the hypotenuse. In the unit circle, the length of the hypotenuse is 1. Anything divided by 1 is itself, so we don't have to really think about the division: the sine is just the opposite leg, and the cosine is just the adjacent leg.

But even though we don't have to think about the division in the unit circle, technically it still happens. This is what keeps rhe sine and cosine from changing when the size of the circle does. All circles are geometrically similar, so the sizes of the triangle's legs change in proportion to one another. That means their ratios -the sine and cosine- don't change. The unit circle just makes the math a little easier.

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PaulFirmBreasts t1_j6en12n wrote

This is because similar triangles have the same ratios. On the unit circle the base length of the triangle is cos(theta) and the height of the triangle is sin(theta) and the hyptenuse has length 1.

If you change the length of the hypotenuse to any other number and call it "r." Then the base and height will change proportionally.

The new triangle will have base length r times cos(theta) and the new height will be r times sin(theta). Now the pythagorean theorem gives you:

(rsin(theta))^2 + (rcos(theta))^2 = r^2

dividing out r^2 leads to the same identity:

sin^2 (theta) + cos^2 (theta) = 1.

In fact if you go back and solve for the base and height of the triangle given by using "r" instead of 1 you end up with the more general forms of sine and cosine:

sin(theta) = y/r

cos(theta) = x/r

where r is the radius of whatever circle you want and (x,y) is the point at which the angle touches the circle of that radius. When you use r=1 you get the original definition of sine and cosine that comes from the unit circle.

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Any-Broccoli-3911 t1_j6eladp wrote

They dig to get the water. That's how they use so much water in California's farms.

California is the state that uses the most water. 9% of the water used in the USA is used in California. (It has 12% of the population, so per capita, it's not that much, but it's still a lot of water that gets used in California.)

https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/total-water-use#overview

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mostlygray t1_j6el3jm wrote

You literally just kind of dig around until you find water. It's down there. There are surface markers that will clue you in to where water is. A tree where there are no other trees. A low area. A gut feeling. A place where the plants are different.

It took my great-grandparents years to find a spot for the well on their property. They used a cistern for many years for drinking and the ravine for watering the animals. Eventually, they found good water. They just had to dig enough holes.

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