Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive
BrotherM t1_j6gplde wrote
Reply to comment by notLOL in ELI5: How do they come up with names for countries in foreign languages? by bentobam
They used to call the game "Chinese Whispers" ;-)
spudmix t1_j6gperq wrote
Disclaimer: Not a doctor, this is what I've learned from a being around vocal performers for most of my life.
Whispering is a surprisingly "high stress" activity for your larynx. When most people whisper they're not just pushing a little air past their vocal folds, they're tightening their vocal folds so much that they can't vibrate and produce the sounds your normal speaking voice produces. That's very tough on your vocal folds and trachea, and can cause or worsen laryngitis and tracheal strain. Whispering a lot is one of the behaviours that singers and ENT doctors might call "vocal cord abuse" and you shouldn't do it - your normal speaking voice is the safest and least stressful option if you want to speak.
You should definitely have a long, mature, sober think about how you're expressing yourself - vocal cord damage can become permanent if it's not taken seriously.
Your vocal tract and trachea are both also very important for swallowing. It's possible what your doctor is saying is that you have irritated, strained, or caused swelling in your larynx or trachea, and that issue is interfering with your ability to swallow fully.
If you're concerned or unsure please get your doctor's professional opinion. This is not a matter to trust to Reddit comments.
furrykef t1_j6gpdka wrote
Reply to comment by fiendishrabbit in ELI5: How do they come up with names for countries in foreign languages? by bentobam
No, that's not it at all.
The p sound didn't change, either in Europe or in China. The Wade-Giles romanization system recognized that Mandarin Chinese doesn't distinguished voiced and unvoiced consonants like European languages, but rather aspirated and unaspirated. So p' (with an apostrophe) was used for an aspirated p sound and a plain p was used for an unaspirated one.
Unfortunately, these apostrophes were frequently omitted by people uninterested in accurate Chinese pronunciation, so one often saw things such as "Tang dynasty" instead of "T'ang dynasty". For that reason among others, a new romanization system called Pinyin was developed. Now an aspirated t was written t instead of t' (incidentally making "Tang dynasty" actually correct) and an unaspirated one was written d. Likewise, an unaspirated p was now written b, and so that's why Beijing starts with a b.
As for king becoming jing, that was a Chinese pronunciation shift, not a European one. The letter k has not changed in pronunciation much in over 2000 years.
rs_yay t1_j6gp8c8 wrote
It's the brain, not muscles. If you were to assemble 100 items, you'd get better at the end of it. It's your brain figuring out how to do the repetitive motions better and faster. It's tougher with sports because putts aren't always the same, throws aren't always the same. It's the things that don't change where you get the memory.
Phage0070 t1_j6gouy9 wrote
Reply to ELI5: CEO leaving failed companies by biohazardmind
Good CEOs don't need to work for failing companies. A failing company is a lot of work to make successful, or even just to fail less hard. If their compensation was based on how well the company they run does then good CEOs would want to work for companies that are already doing great, concentrating their skills on companies that don't need them as much.
The Board of a failing company needs a good CEO. A good CEO might be able to save the company, and it doesn't really matter how much money you save if the company continues on a downward spiral ending ultimately in their going out of business. But you aren't going to attract a lot of talented CEOs by offering them a crappy job with a relatively low chance of success while only promising to pay them a bunch if they succeed.
CEOs generally have their pay composed of two parts: A baseline pay they get no matter what, and additional tiers of compensation for if they do well. For example a company might expect 5% growth and agree to pay the CEO a certain amount, but if the CEO can get more than 5% up to 10% growth they get a bonus, and if they can exceed 10% they get a huge bonus!
In the case of a successful company a CEO might be willing to accept a lower base pay because they think it is more likely they can get those extra bonuses. But in the case of a failing company those bonuses are probably much less likely to obtain so the CEO will want a higher base pay (since that is likely all they will get). The offered bonuses might be higher too considering if they can take a company losing money and grow it 5% then it is way more of an accomplishment than the company that did that normally.
Finally, just because a CEO doesn't succeed in saving a company doesn't necessarily mean they are a bad CEO. Turning a company around isn't a guarantee, and there are even ways of relatively gracefully managing the failure of a company such that shareholders lose less money than they otherwise might. This is why a CEO might preside over a company going under and then be hired away by another company wanting their talents.
WhatIDon_tKnow t1_j6gorzl wrote
Reply to comment by Unkindlake in Eli5....can you dig a well anywhere and hit water...and how did the early ranchers in the West know where to dig for water. Especially in the really dry areas? by pinkshrinkrn
Flat earthers hate this trick!
mikeber55 t1_j6gokx4 wrote
Reply to ELI5: CEO leaving failed companies by biohazardmind
Yes, it’s a great question. The prevailing mindset is that lower rank employees are held responsible for everything they did wrong AS WELL as things they aren’t responsible of. Today they are letting people go from big tech companies. That includes employees who were promoted or granted bonuses for excellent performance.
But the same doesn’t apply when dealing with executives. If the company slumping - the market conditions are unfavorable. The bad decisions by top executives do not count. Their contracts often specify high bonuses even when the company loses money. Then let’s not forget the “golden parachute”. Regular workers are disposable and do not enjoy any parachute.
But there is another thing that separates between top executives and regular employees. There is an exclusive CEOs club. Once they get membership of the club. they start playing musical chairs. CEO is a lifelong title. When one leaves a company, another one (who was let go from a different place) comes in. They play musical chairs. Lower rank employees from the company (including some with long experience) are rarely promoted to the top. The board prefers someone form outside that usually has no clue about the business. One day they can be the CEO of Home Depot, next they move to Ford, followed by a stint at Macdonald’s. Then a company that makes automobile tires. Anything goes.
bestuzernameever t1_j6gof4y wrote
Reply to comment by RSwordsman in Eli5: What is muscle memory, and how does it work? by crupee
Or stupid stuff like flipping on a light switch in a dark room. Close your eyes and touch the wall then look and you’ll be amazed how close to the right height you are!
GamerMomm t1_j6goa34 wrote
Reply to comment by crono141 in Eli5....can you dig a well anywhere and hit water...and how did the early ranchers in the West know where to dig for water. Especially in the really dry areas? by pinkshrinkrn
From ranching/farming folk and can confirm that this method works.
Hayduke_Abides t1_j6go5bv wrote
Reply to comment by waterwitch80 in Eli5....can you dig a well anywhere and hit water...and how did the early ranchers in the West know where to dig for water. Especially in the really dry areas? by pinkshrinkrn
Dowsing is as legit as tarot cards, astrology, and palm-reading. They hit often enough to fool the gullible.
el1ab3lla t1_j6go3pe wrote
In Polish, the name for Italy is related to the word hair, and the name for Germany is derived from niemi ludzie, which translates to people of unintelligible speech.
Wild_Top1515 t1_j6gnwsa wrote
Reply to comment by Dryctnath in ELI5: What is the difference between fatalism and nihilism? by bluejester12
its was a joke lol
ayerik t1_j6gnwlr wrote
Reply to comment by KidenStormsoarer in ELI5: How do they come up with names for countries in foreign languages? by bentobam
My grandmother loved to tell the story of how the Ompompanoosuc River, in Vermont, got its name.
A European explorer came to the area and found a young girl, asking the name of the river. The young Native girl, desperate to get medical help for her father, I believe the local chief, but she didn't really understand English. She knew the explorer was English, though, so she cried out "ompampanoosuc" -- "My papa is sick!" The traveler didn't catch on, though, so it's been immortalized as Ompompanoosuc.
Canada was named because when the locals were asked the name of the place the explorers landed, they replied with the local name -- "The Village". This became the name for all of the land in the northern third or so of the continent, instead of the more accurate few square kilometers (or miles), and possibly even less than that, ignoring the vast multitude of different cultures, people, and languages in the new (to Europeans) place.
Hayduke_Abides t1_j6gngv7 wrote
Reply to comment by cyanrarroll in Eli5....can you dig a well anywhere and hit water...and how did the early ranchers in the West know where to dig for water. Especially in the really dry areas? by pinkshrinkrn
You are partly correct, large amounts of water do move through the pore spaces in rock. However, in addition to that type of flow, almost all rock formations have a network of cracks and fractures, and water often moves preferentially along these pathways. How much porous flow vs fracture flow you get in an aquifer depends on the nature of the rock and the degree of fracturing in the aquifer. In wells, intersecting a few good fractures can be the difference between a productive well and one that does not produce sufficient flow to be useful.
[deleted] t1_j6gn6uc wrote
Reply to comment by Biokabe in ELI5: do grapes burn? If so, how? by ChaoticGamer200
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Megalocerus t1_j6gn5xl wrote
Reply to comment by justlookingforajob1 in ELI5: How do they come up with names for countries in foreign languages? by bentobam
Florence, which is Firenze in Italian, is called Florence and variants in other countries because when Julius Caesar settled men there it was called "Florentia". "Germany" comes from the Latin as well. Switzerland in some contexts is "Confoederatio Helvetica", again from the Latin, but then there are 4 languages used there. Switzerland comes from the name of one of the original provinces, Schwyz.
US states like Kansas and Arkansas are named for rivers named for native tribes, much modified. Arkansas got passed through French. Canada was a misunderstanding; it seems to have been named for the Huron word for "settlement" (Kanata) based on directions Cartier was given to Stadacona (later Quebec.)
Japan may have been given its name based on the name the Chinese (Riben) or the Malaysians (Japung) called it, both referring to the land to the East (Land of the Rising Sun.) The Japanese changed from calling it Yamato to calling it Nippon.
Unkindlake t1_j6gn2bs wrote
Reply to comment by Wild_Top1515 in ELI5: What is the difference between fatalism and nihilism? by bluejester12
Nope. Try:
"I don't know if this coin will land on heads or tails, but if we could rewind time without changing anything and do it again it will land the same no matter how many times we do it"
vs.
"there is no inherent purpose in life, so I have to find or invent my own"
Biokabe t1_j6gmvd4 wrote
Reply to ELI5: do grapes burn? If so, how? by ChaoticGamer200
Of course they do. Anything containing carbohydrates will burn. For that matter, almost anything organic will burn.
Grapes have a very high water content, so they may require a little bit longer to ignite than something dryer, like wood. But given sufficient heat and/or time, they absolutely will burn. Once the water has evaporated out, the sugars in them will burn quickly and energetically.
In fact, if you pop some grapes in the microwave, you can make them burn spectacularly - they'll spontaneously create visible plasma.
unenkuva t1_j6gmtjb wrote
Sometimes it is after the tribe or area in the country that was the most familiar/closest to the country naming it. Like Germany being called 'Saksa' in Finnish because of the contact to the Saxons.
checkerouter t1_j6gms9p wrote
Reply to ELI5: do grapes burn? If so, how? by ChaoticGamer200
Almost everything burns. Grapes have a lot of water in them, which is why they are so juicy. Things that have a lot of water are hard to burn, because water does not burn. But if you burn something wet for long enough, the water evaporates and then the thing will burn. So with grapes, you have to heat them until the water evaporates, and then they burn the same way something like cloth or wood would burn.
RSwordsman t1_j6gmqr7 wrote
It's not actually the muscles, just a different part of the brain. The connections associated with the movement you want get stronger over a lot of repetition. If I'm not mistaken it's mostly the back part of your brain called the cerebellum that controls this, and as the slang term suggests, you don't have to actively think about it. Very handy for things you need to do precisely, quickly, and often, like throwing in sports.
CyberneticPanda t1_j6gm8w7 wrote
Reply to comment by Roobar76 in Eli5....can you dig a well anywhere and hit water...and how did the early ranchers in the West know where to dig for water. Especially in the really dry areas? by pinkshrinkrn
Not really true. In the 19th century people in Congress believe that" rain followed the plow" and God would bring rain to the west if people turned it into farms. They let people homestead places like Arizona and it went terribly for the homesteaders. Later they spent lots of money on water projects to bring water to the places that needed it. But by that time the holdings have been consolidated and the homesteaders who survived had sold their holdings for next to nothing.
Triabolical_ t1_j6gm3wl wrote
Reply to ELI5: CEO leaving failed companies by biohazardmind
Because the CEOs are playing a different game than you think they are playing.
CEOs are part of a club where they end up with golden parachutes - they make a lot of money even if the company does poorly - and their compensation is decided by their corporate boards, where board members are paid to be on the board.
This is true to a lesser degree in management in most companies - you become successful in management by how well you fit in and play the political games in the company. Being better at your job is not required and can actually be problematic as it makes others look bad.
CyberneticPanda t1_j6gm2rf wrote
Reply to comment by fox-mcleod in Eli5....can you dig a well anywhere and hit water...and how did the early ranchers in the West know where to dig for water. Especially in the really dry areas? by pinkshrinkrn
Nobody wants a salt water well.
Frednotbob t1_j6gpp03 wrote
Reply to comment by ELVEVERX in ELI5: Why does the IRS want your illegal income declared on tax returns? by xCreamPye69
Yes, but whether it's legal or illegal is irrelevant to the IRS; it's income, regardless of the source.
They're essentially saying, 'If you're earning income from a source that is not listed in any of the above categories, this is your chance to tell us about it.'