Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive
omnigeno t1_j6l3h1l wrote
Reply to comment by sbradford26 in eli5: Why do most airlines still use 2-pin audio jacks for the in-flight entertainment systems on their planes? by JJGLC92
Wait, so you can plug a 3.5mm headset into either port, and you'll get your normal stereo sound from it?
SurprisedPotato t1_j6l3f3t wrote
Our genes contain instructions for making chemicals (proteins) that are used by our body to do stuff.
Our genes come in pairs - each member of a pair is called an "allele", which you can think of as a variant of the gene. Slightly different instructions for the proteins.
In some cases, a phenotype (an external characteristic) is determined by a single gene. Then, as you know, it might be that one allele is "dominant", and an alternative is "recessive". You only need one copy of a dominant allele to "express" that version of the protein, but you need two copies of the recessive one.
Here's one way that might work:
Suppose there's a version of the gene that produces a protein that makes a flower yellow. Without the protein, the flower will be white.
Let's call the allele that produces this protein Y.
Maybe there's a different version of Y which is "broken". The instructions it codes don't make the protein that makes flowers yellow. Maybe they make a protein that does something else, or maybe they make a protein that does nothing at all. Let's call that one y.
A plant might have two copies of Y, or two of y, or one of each.
If it has YY or Yy or yY, it's able to produce the protein, and so it has yellow flowers. The Yy ones might produce less of it, but that doesn't matter of the protein is like an "on/off" switch.
On the other hand, some plants have only yy, which means they can't produce the proteins, and so the flowers end up white.
So Y = "yellow flowers" is dominant, and y = "white flowers" is recessive, because the plant only needs one copy of Y to know how to make the protein that causes flowers to be yellow.
ZLVe96 t1_j6l3b20 wrote
Reply to ELI5 - When losing weight, why is it common to hear "burn more than you consume" in reference to calorie intake. if you consume" 1000 calories, how do you burn 1500? by Freedom-No-781
Your fat is stored energy, and energy is measured in calories. So say you want to loose 10lbs, you have to burn 10 lbs worth of calories more than you take in (a little more to it than that, but that's the high level). Each lb of fat has about 3500 calories, so to loses 10lbs, you have to burn about 35000 calories more than you consume. The good news is you burn about 2000 just being alive every day. So if you exercise you burn even more, watch what you eat...and you can pretty easily create a 500 or 1000 calorie per day gap.
SpinCharm t1_j6l376d wrote
Reply to ELI5 why do your eyes adjust so fast to bright light but so slowly to darkness? by melig1991
This error be evolutionary good. It’s much more dangerous leaving a cave than entering it (assuming you know there’s nothing dangerous in the cave).
jh937hfiu3hrhv9 t1_j6l2y1j wrote
Reply to comment by bobjoylove in ELI5: What does it mean when a company buys back stocks and why is it frowned upon? by lilly_kilgore
Flashy answers with whistles and bells impress and confuse while the rich laugh all the way to the next hoard, and people don't like to hear economies are simply based on choices made by the people with the money to make the choices. Imagining it based on external forces, complex and mysterious is much more stimulating, and believable as we have been conditioned. Like how a tantalizing conspiracy theory fills the brain with endorphins. It is easier to control the public if you keep them ignorant, sick, poor and constantly move the goal posts. This will insure downvotes.
AbleReporter565 OP t1_j6l2p9i wrote
Reply to comment by Caucasiafro in ELI5: Why does the order of adjectives matter? by AbleReporter565
Took me a few reads but that actually makes sense, thanks
dmazzoni t1_j6l2okb wrote
Reply to comment by shaneknysh in ELI5 How Uber/Doordash show tips on the Deliverer's app - and can they redesign the app to "hide" the tips? by [deleted]
> The delivery service takes 18% or more from the restaurant so the restaurant is very close to making nothing on the low price orders.
This just isn't true, for several reasons.
The restaurant saves money not needing to pay someone to take the order and collect the money. They save money on their credit card merchant fees and chargebacks (DoorDash/UberEats assume all the risk).
And if it's still not worth it to them, the restaurant can charge different prices than in-store. Some restaurants near me charge 20% more if you order on DoorDash than if you call in.
It's just economics. If the restaurant isn't making enough money they can charge more. If they charge too much and people don't want to pay, then people can either pick up themselves or go elsewhere.
DjShoryukenZ t1_j6l2mcz wrote
Reply to comment by AshFraxinusEps in ELI5: Why do so many fruits have seedless varieties but the apple and cherry do not? by JanaCinnamon
> I think the Romans might have had a decent seedless apple at one point
I doubt there are seeds of a seedless apple.
ShalmaneserIII t1_j6l2k63 wrote
Generally a gene for a dominant trait does something, and for a recessive one doesn't.
For example, a gene saying to put melanin in the iris of the eyes is going to be dominant- if you have one copy of it, you'll put melanin in your irises and have brownish eyes. All you need is one gene to do that to make that work.
Caucasiafro t1_j6l2j35 wrote
Adjective order matters in the same way that all other grammar rules matter. It's what we expect. And when those expectations are broken we tend to get scared and confused because it takes more work for our brain to interpret what we are hearing or what we are reading.
Adjective order is a pretty unique one though, most other grammar rules are broken pretty often in really informal settings. But something about adjective order makes us really not want to break that rule. At least in English, other languages might have much less strict adjective order rules.
ceelo71 t1_j6l2asv wrote
Reply to comment by RodeoBob in ELI5: What does it mean when a company buys back stocks and why is it frowned upon? by lilly_kilgore
Profit extraction over value creation
Caucasiafro t1_j6l29sz wrote
Reply to comment by AbleReporter565 in ELI5: Why does the order of adjectives matter? by AbleReporter565
Yes "me" is for when you are a object of a sentence (the thing being acted on) "I" is for when you are the subject of the sentence (the thing doing the action)
Like
I hit the ball. (correct, because you are the subject)
The ball hit me. (correct, because you are the object)
Me hit the ball (incorrect)
kai325d t1_j6l26e1 wrote
Reply to comment by Frogblaster77 in eli5: Why do most airlines still use 2-pin audio jacks for the in-flight entertainment systems on their planes? by JJGLC92
Yh, they get full cleans dude
annomandaris t1_j6l24wt wrote
Reply to comment by Freedom-No-781 in ELI5 - When losing weight, why is it common to hear "burn more than you consume" in reference to calorie intake. if you consume" 1000 calories, how do you burn 1500? by Freedom-No-781
Also note that while losing weight is simply calories in > calories out, in the long term there are some factors that can make a difference. First off the longer you spend starving yourself your body will start to slow your metabolism down. Your body wants to keep its fat, it makes you fitter for survival in lean times. So simply starving yourself typically isnt as efficient as doing things like intermittent fasting. Again this doesnt mean that one is better for this person or that person, but just mathematically you can lose more weight that way.
Also remember that even if you are intaking less calories, you still need certain nutrients to be healthy. Your body requires fats, carbohydrates and proteins, as well as nutrients and vitamins to survive.
Unless you are very skilled and knowledgeable about balancing diets and meeting all these requirements and such, cheat days are a benefit to your overall health. Your body will often crave things it needs, so every now and then, you should treat yourself.
[deleted] t1_j6l2451 wrote
[removed]
TheNoidedAndroid t1_j6l1zqh wrote
Reply to ELI5: What does it mean when a company buys back stocks and why is it frowned upon? by lilly_kilgore
A whole bunch of rich executives hold a lion's share of the stock, but they take only a small compensation of salary.
They get, however, compensation in the form of shares of the company.
The company can produce a ton of profit by doing things like cutting corners and reducing salary, that profit can be reinvested in the company or paid out to the shareholders.
But... If it were paid out to the shareholders, they would have to pay taxes on it.
So the idea is, by using the money to artificially lower the supply of stocks through a buyback, you're increasing the proportional share each stock represents in the company.
If you have 100 stock issued, each one represents 1/100 stake in a company worth 10,000$. Each is worth 100.00$. The owners of the company can use their 1000$ profit to buy back 10 shares. Now there are 90 shares that represent 1/90 stake in the company, meaning you've effectively 'given' each shareholder around 0.11 stock for each share they own.
The issue with this is that you're basically giving people money tax-free. Executives and billionaires don't need to pay capital gains tax until they sell their stock.
Then, they have another trick! They just use it as collateral to secure low-interest loans and live lofty lives of luxury tax-free. A bank will happily 'lend' someone enough money to live an expensive extravagant life in exchange for having those assets as collateral.
So they can accumulate billions of dollars of funds, tax-free, by dodging income tax and instead inflating the value of held stock.
They don't ever need to sell that stock because they can buy anything they want using it as collateral.
So they never have to pay taxes on it.
'Buying back' stock also has unpredictable market effects. If a company is frequently issuing buybacks, people may speculate based on that pattern.
It's a big issue, a big scam, not enough people are talking about it and dissecting what it really means.
Fwahm t1_j6l1x6b wrote
Reply to comment by Randomname_76 in Eli5: Why do our body’s adapt easy to water temperature but not to air temperature by [deleted]
You can do that with air too, and much better to boot. Hot tubs go above 100, but saunas can safely go above 150.
carneficinatimoteo t1_j6l1whc wrote
Reply to ELI5: What does it mean when a company buys back stocks and why is it frowned upon? by lilly_kilgore
Originally, a company issues equity (shares) of itself in exchange for cash. Equity is ownership of the company, whoever owns the equity (shares/stock/whatever form it is) owns a piece of the company. A buy back is what it sounds like, the company gives investors cash to buy back the equity it initially issued, thereby concentrating ownership back in the original owners. This is frowned upon mostly (I would argue) because it does not provide any economic benefit except to the shareholders who receive the cash, and the original owners who now have my ownership. Everyone else loses, that cash could have gone to making the company more efficient for society, gone back to employees, etc. Put another way, a buy back benefits those who typically already have more wealth than those without (shareholders and owners of a company are probably more wealthy than most others of course).
So basically buy backs "only benefit the rich," which is why they are frowned upon. How true is this claim? Research more and decide for yourself.
ShalmaneserIII t1_j6l1u86 wrote
Reply to comment by AshFraxinusEps in ELI5: Why do so many fruits have seedless varieties but the apple and cherry do not? by JanaCinnamon
Even if that seed exists, how will you know what it is?
"Needle in a haystack" is nothing compared to "small seed somewhere in North Africa"
Various_Succotash_79 t1_j6l1teb wrote
Reply to ELI5 Why hasn’t science been able produce a baby formula with the same nutritional value as breast milk? by zebye
Baby formula has the same basic nutritional value as breast milk.
But breast milk is. . .alive, I guess you could say. Enzymes, antibodies, situational compositional changes.
And that can't be replicated.
Stegasaurus_Wrecks t1_j6l1tad wrote
Reply to comment by phiwong in ELI5: How does citizenship work? Can I (US Citizen) move to the EU and just become a citizen? by _99Percent
So if you file taxes (and perhaps not owe anything to the US) and are subsequently unemployed in your country of residence, you can claim US social security?
AbleReporter565 OP t1_j6l1rre wrote
Reply to comment by dr_xenon in ELI5: Why does the order of adjectives matter? by AbleReporter565
Only one is correct?!
explainlikeimfive-ModTeam t1_j6l1p9a wrote
Reply to comment by [deleted] in ELI5 Why hasn’t science been able produce a baby formula with the same nutritional value as breast milk? by zebye
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Fishmeister8902 OP t1_j6l1ote wrote
Reply to comment by Pillens_burknerkorv in Eli5: if the Xbox series X and PS5 can both do 4K120fps, why do we still see performance and quality modes instead of the high resolution and framerate? by Fishmeister8902
Nah they are advertised to do both. My series S is set at 1440p 120hz which is advertised or I can do 4k60. Like the consoles in the title however, I don’t reach 1440p 120hz on a game
sbradford26 t1_j6l3ktd wrote
Reply to comment by omnigeno in eli5: Why do most airlines still use 2-pin audio jacks for the in-flight entertainment systems on their planes? by JJGLC92
Yup, I think it also has the perk of allowing two people to watch the same show/movie.