Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

Spiritual_Jaguar4685 t1_j6n8kvj wrote

"Regression" is a math word that means "finding a line that best fits the data".

In your example, "Linear Regression", is just one type of regression that assumes the data wants to fit a straight line.

You hear about it a lot in algorithms because they are all about taking points of data, and trying to figure out what the larger scale process that's controlling the data.

Alternatively you might have something like "exponential regression", where the data wants to fit a curve. For example, if you wanted to chart the spread of COVID-19 in the early days of the pandemic, you'd want to use exponential regression. Linear regression would work at first, but once you started projecting out a week or two you'd see that your line stopped matching the actual infection rate suddenly, and then became very wrong, very quickly.

In practice, linear regression is much, much easier to both do and understand, so it's more "popular". Exponential regression usually requires computer analysis and is more confusing to lay-people. That's just why you hear about "linear regression" more commonly.

1

bobjoylove t1_j6n8b91 wrote

This is a discussion about why they choose buybacks over dividends or simply hoarding. All of those scenarios occur after they have decided they can’t use the money for operations.

There’s definitely the paradox that a failing company might have sufficient cash to do a buyback to protect its stock/EPS; as it likely would not be failing if it has billions in excess. The only time that might happen is a windfall such as from the sale of a significant asset.

1

danielcollier09 t1_j6n7wdz wrote

This is a good question but essentially pillows dampen the unwanted “overtones” or excess ring created after the initial strike. With a bass drum you generally want a type of thud or punch sound that you feel in your chest. Those pillows dampen out the higher frequencies and shorten the length of the overall thud. Head manufacturers like Evans, Remo, and Aquarian make heads like the EMAD, Powerstroke, or Super Kick II that have dampening rings on them to either have smaller pillows or specific dampening material designed for bass drums.

On designing - Wood needs to be designed a certain way to produce the overall desired effect. If they didn’t make drum round and hollow there would be many issues with proper tuning and overall structural integrity. You need a cylindrical tube made of wood with nothing attached so that you, the user wanting a specific tone, can dampen and manipulate it the way YOU want.

Edit: spelling

3

Spiritual_Jaguar4685 t1_j6n7lzv wrote

When you strike the drum it'll create a wave of sound inside the drum. Normally this wave starts bouncing around inside the drum, back and forth, giving a sort of lasting ringing a few moments after you hit it. That's not usually want people want, they want the sharp WUMP of the drum, and then silence.

So the pillow as an a "damper". To damp something is science-speak for "reducing the intensity" of something. In this case, it's reducing the intensity of the wave so that it dies quicker.

Not to be confused to dampen something, which means to make something slightly wet.

7

Em_Adespoton t1_j6n7cxv wrote

They aren’t designed to not need one because each percussionist likes a slightly different sound. Without a pillow it’s like a mini upright bass drum, so some damping is needed. Some people like a bit of resonance, some people like a quick thud. This will change not just from musician to musician, but also from venue to venue and song to song.

16

Gnonthgol t1_j6n7br8 wrote

Minecraft is an open world game where the player is allowed to do almost anything they want. In these types of games the player can set their own objectives if they want. This is nothing new. Games like GTA and Fallout have done this for some time. The difference in Minecraft is that there is no story and the objectives are an afterthought. There is an "End" and an achievement tree but this is mostly for tutorials and usually ignored by players. Instead people set their own goals and try to achieve those goals for themselves.

2

Sloloem t1_j6n734v wrote

The pillow is there to dampen the resonance of the drum. If you have a drum with no pillow and hit it there will be a long ringing "boom" tail to the sound. Then if you put the pillow inside and leaned it a bit against the other side of the drum (That head is called the resonator or resonant side, the side you hit is called the batter) before hitting it again you'd remove that long ringing tail and the drum would sound like more of a short "thwack".

5

Algur t1_j6n6wae wrote

No. I actually did a breakdown of the pros and cons of buy backs for someone a couple days ago so I’ll copy paste it here. Some of it was geared toward that conversation so you may lack some of that context. Additionally, I’m on mobile so I apologize for any strange formatting.

Buy backs exist for many reasons, but the primary reason is to return shareholder value. It gets a bit more complicated that though.

Here are a few pros.

Flexibility - As opposed to dividends, which shareholders may expect, companies can buyback stock as needed based on their financial needs and goals. This also give shareholders more flexibility certain shareholders can "cash in", but others may want to hold on to their shares if they think the value will rise. Signaling - This is the idea that a buyback is simply a signal to shareholders that they company thinks their stock is undervalued. From an accounting standpoint, when a company buys back shares they are placed in a contra-equity account. The company will then likely re-issue these shares at a later date when they feel the stock price is at the right level. FYI, this is reason that was most discussed in my accounting courses. Capital Recirculation - Returning cash to shareholders via a buyback allows them to invest in other up and coming businesses. Tax Advantages - This will vary by jurisdiction. Long term capital gains are taxed at preferential rates, while dividends may or may not be taxed at those rates depending whether they are qualified dividends. And here are the cons:

Financial Ratio Manipulation - If executive management has certain EPS goals that are falling short they may perform a buyback artificially reach that objective. To break this down a little bit, if income is falling short of their objective then they may buy back stock to decrease the denominator in the EPS calculation. This is deceptive in my opinion and should be properly disclosed to financial statement users. Insider trading - Honestly, this one is true whether or not buybacks are illegal. As an example, insiders can buy stock in their company shortly before a new product is announced. All buybacks do is change the beneficiary of the insider trade from an individual to the business. Just so we're clear, I believe people who engage in insider trading should be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. Contribution to Income Inequality - You've already little tapped on this above. However, it's worth noting that evidence on this is mixed and should be evaluated in a case by case basis. Poor Timing - this is just the inverse of the Signaling pro above. Basically, management mistimes the market and buys at a peak rather than a trough. This can happen in all investing though and is why investments carry an inherent risk. Leverage - This is essentially the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, which is complex and I haven't worked with in awhile so I don't want to get into it at the moment lest I say something inaccurate. In summary, buybacks are neither magic bullets to increase a company’s earnings per share nor a nefarious means of enriching executives or shareholders. Buybacks are simply a financial tool.

1

Em_Adespoton t1_j6n6u1i wrote

Imagine Lego.

Now imagine you have all the pieces.

Now imagine that you can play with people all over the world.

Now imagine that some of those people have created intricate block worlds and set up different kinds of games to play on them.

The games themselves are as varied as Lego players:

Some are world shaping where you play cooperatively, some are wealth building where you mine the local resources and “craft” them into other blocks, with the end goal of unlocking a new area of the game with new blocks where you can eventually get powerful enough to defeat a dragon.

A popular variant is player-vs-player capture the flag, where you re-spawn at your bed when you die… unless someone destroys your bed. Last team standing wins.

Another popular game is Minecraft parkour, where it’s a race through an obstacle course to a finish line.

The types of objectives to any scenario are only limited by the world builder’s imagination.

Some people have built functional computers within Minecraft that do a great job of visually explaining how computers work.

Others have used Minecraft to demonstrate city planning methods and their results.

9

B239 t1_j6n6qhf wrote

There are recommended daily intakes of everything things your body needs including water, sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, protein, vitamins etc. If you become dehydrated you have been losing mainly sodium and water, therefore both need replacing. Sea water has too much salt, too much salt damages your kidneys among other things.

When enough salt (sodium) is given, other intravenous fluids such as dextrose fluid (sugar water) is given, the limits for sugar are much higher than salt so it doesn't matter so much.

Additionally, giving pure water intravenously is not a good idea because if it doesn't have enough electrolytes or molecules like sodium or dextrose it can have an osmotic effect i.e. Water will move into the cells rather than stay in the veins where it is needed. This can swell and damage organs. Drinking pure water can cause this too but its less likely.

2