When you purchase a house the money you pay goes to the previous owners. I would think that would be pretty obvious.

A newly built house is often built on land which is owned by some kind of developer who paid the construction company to build said house. Your purchase of the lot and house would be the return on the investment of the developer, who makes back the cost of the house and land plus presumably some amount of profit.

In the process of purchasing the house you will often pay a real estate agent or agency to provide various services related to completing the transaction. This percentage is usually split 50-50 between the agent for the buyer and the seller, but the percentage of the overall cut varies.

The bank is usually providing a loan in the form of a mortgage to make this all happen, so it is the bank's money being distributed and then the buyer will be paying the bank back over a longer period of time. The bank collects significant amounts of interest on this long term loan but again the percentages vary.

To the person who owned it and sold it to you. And then they use part of that to pay off the rest of their mortgage

If you buy it from the secondary market then it goes partly to the owners equity, mostly to the bank, some to the real estate agent.

If you buy from a company that builds homes directly then all to them i suppose

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This makes sense thanks for this!

Usually nothing happens.

Occasionally the law which legalized whatever they were imprisoned for will include a section that pardons people. For instance, Illinois when they legalized Marijuana.

About baseball, you are assuming open spaces that most countries don't have. In Cartagena, Colombia, for example, kids used to play a certain form of baseball with soda caps and the handle of a broomstick. It requires so much skill that not many kids can play it, and those who can, only got the coordination after certain age, but it's what they can get.

Basically an open field in a residential area with no cars or windows around is as rare in Nigeria or Argentina as an Olympic pool. So, no popular swimming sports here either.

This is perfect. Thanks a lot!

For several reasons:

1. Bike wheel rims get dirty and wet when riding (especially off road). A dirty wet rim doesn't work as a friction surface very well. Because discs are near the hub, they avoid most of the spashback and remain cleaner.
2. Bike wheel rims are made of thin aluminum. You can't press too hard on a wheel rim or it will bend or tear. Brake discs are made of thick steel, and can withstand a lot higher loads without breaking.
3. Because of the steel disk, you can use a more aggressive brake pad. Rim brakes have rubber friction pads, while disc brakes have ceramic pads which create a lot more friction. Using ceramic pads on a rim would quickly destroy the delicate aluminum.

Rim breaking actually has a mechanical advantage, being closer to outside of the wheel gives it a longer moment arm and more stopping power for the same applied friction force. But the fact that rims are so delicate means you can't use very much friction force, while a disc brake can withstand much higher load.s

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State of stress due to holding conflicting views/attitudes/behaviour at the same time. A textbook example of cognitive dissonance is the fable of the fox and the grapes. Fox desires grapes hanging high from a tree. After attempts to get the grapes and failing , he says that they are sour rather than admitting he has failed. In doing so he reduces his cognitive dissonance (his stress for a) desiring grapes and b) frustration at not getting them). he has reduced cognitive dissonance by trying to give rationale for his failure.

That was extremely helpful since I was actually referring to the mathematical problem of incommensurability. Thank you so much!

Actually, no. Usually when we hear about these "end of the world" groups they are based around religious beliefs but the group studied in the book was based around UFOs.

"The Great Disappointment" was over a hundred years earlier. The world sure does seem to end often.

And both surfaces will be dedicated to braking rather than only one surface being built for it

Is it about "The Great Disappointment"?

When some US preacher had so convinced his flock that Jesus would came back on that specific date that some people sold their home ?

Retroactively charging someone for an action that was legal when they performed it is called an ex post facto charge, and the US Constitution explicitly prohibits both federal and state authorities from pursuing them

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That would be the argument against the shift ban in a nutshell yes.

First reason is that mucosal tissue creates a physical barrier that is very hard for microbes to get through. Additionally, the vast majority of lymphocytes in your body are found in those tissues. And your immune system is just in general much more active there too. When cells detect an invading organism they don't call for help, they just initiate the immune response themselves.

Of course, it would be horrible for our entire bodies to be composed of this sort of tissue. its great against microbes, but not so great about mechanical damage. So you only find it where its most important.

They're being exposed to bacteria that are already present in your lower digestive tract. Those bacteria can be harmful if you eat them (fecal-oral is a very common way that food poisoning bacteria spread), but they're not dangerous in your intestines or (directly) dangerous on your skin (except that having them on the skin of, say, your hands can be a good way to end up with them in your mouth).

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So, our entire digestive system is technically the "outside" of out bodies. Our immune system keeps most little breaches that might happen under control. There also a healthy supply of "good" bacteria inside of us, that usually helps keep "bad" bacteria from taking hold.

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Usually the same thing that happens to people who broke a law before it became illegal.

Nothing changes.