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You start by having a fiberglass and resin board, that has copper foil "glued" on it. Then you remove the unnecessary copper (etching it) and you are left with copper that you need. Copper forms "wires" called traces, that are used yo connect components. Then you solder components to ends of these traces.

I've not worked anywhere that doesn't keep the code you write as their property.

Not saying it doesn't happen, and I haven't really been contracting

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This actually helps a lot thank you

In its most basic form, it is a plastic board covered in fibreglass. Components are mounted on a non-conductive board and connected with small pathways, called traces. These traces allow the electrical components across the board to function by passing electricity through.

> it’s isn’t broken apart?

It's not broken apart by you... but your intestines are full of billions of bacteria that can break it down just fine!

When your own body can't break down the lactose into a digestible form, that just means it passes through the stomach and becomes a huge pile of food for intestinal bacteria. The result is that:

• the bacteria multiply to much higher population levels than they should have, and
• all those bacteria eating all that food creates a bunch of waste products and gases

All the bacteria and their gassy excrement being generated inside your pipes is what causes the pain and bloating, not the glycocidic linkages!

Sure. But way easier said than done.

There are bacteria in your gut, if you don't digest the lactose the bacteria will metabolize it instead, the by-products of the bacterial metabolism is whats causing distress.

What happens depends on the country.

US law says expressly that nothing changes (US federal law, US Code Title 1, § 109. "Repeal of statutes as affecting existing liabilities") unless the law specifically states that it does (some laws have done so in the past). However, that's Common law (the fundamental principle of law as applied by states descended from the British empire).

If we instead look at countries which use Napoleonic code (law based on humanist principles), they use the principle of "Lex Mitior" (the milder law). Under the milder law any change in law is supposed to benefit the accused rather than the state. So in many countries that base their law on the Code Napoleon (notably France, but really most of the EU) when a law is repealed that triggers an automatic sentence review, and if it's no longer a crime "Hey hop, you're free to go".

P.S (maybe not so ELI5): "Hey hop, you're free to go" is in practice a bit more complicated than that. Many countries that practice Lex Mitior also practice "Socialism!". So before ratification (when it's signed by parliament/congress/whatever) and long before implementation (when the law goes into effect) the law is sent out for consultation. The prison system and social services get to say "Hey, no biggie. We can deal with this relatively quickly" or "uh. We're going to need X months to prepare for that, because this is huge". So on the day the law is ratified (signed) the bureaucracy gets to work. Sentences are reviewed, prisoners are scheduled for release, social services are notified so that they can set up the ground works (sending people out with no housing, no money and no social network would be a recipe for catastrophe) , relatives are notified etc so that when it's implementation day everything is set and people can be released in an orderly and humane manner.

Yeah I remember people saying the exact same thing in 2011/2012, when people were somehow convinced the world was about to end. “But you have to admit, there have been more earthquakes and disasters lately” / “I have to admit no such thing, you’re just noticing more of them.”

You mean they aren't meant to?

A couple percent goes to the agent that clip the ticket, but then they do have to arrange for ads and open homes etc

Yes, though do keep in mind hitting is really hard, and a lot of the "x guy hits the ball to y location" isn't always so much something he chooses to do so much as what he can do.

The frequency illusion. Also known as the Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon.

You learn a new word, and suddenly you start seeing that word everywhere. It's not that it's actually occuring more frequently, it's just that you're suddenly paying more attention to it.

Earthquakes happen all the time. It's just that they're rarely as devastating as what happened in Turkey.

There hasn't been more earthquakes recently.

Just because there are more earthquakes being reported in the news doesn't mean there have been more earthquakes.

That's a good life lesson to learn. You shouldn't judge the world by the amount of attention certain events get in the news. News disproportionally report bad and shocking news, so you get the wrong idea that there's nothing but bad things happening in the world if you only go by the news headlines.

Earthquakes happen all the time in certain earthquake-prone areas of the world. There's nothing special about "recently", other than the fact that recently it happened to hit a highly populated area that was ill-prepared to handle that kind of an earthquake, so it became massive world news.

I think that maybe these explanations might be a bit hard to understand, and so I would like to make them simpler. Also, due to the close relationship between these four concepts, many people will tell you that some are the same as others when, in fact, they are not quite the same. It is not uncommon for this to be done in the classroom or in books on math and logic to simplify things, and it is quite possible that the distinction can be lost on, say, a teacher teaching the concepts. However, as these are stated as four distinct things I think that the nitpicky details are being asked for.

(1)= Equal Sign

This is equal to that. Example: 2+2=4

(2) ≡ Equivalence, Identity

If A ≡ B, then if A is true B is true and if A is false B is false. This is often described as "if and only if" and is sometimes written as iff. Example: You get $100 at the end of the semester ≡ Your GPA is over 3.5.

The next two can be a bit tricky as they are not always used exactly the same way in all math and logic. Additionally, both are forms of equivalence, and are thus often used interchangeably with equivalence and each other.

(3) ↔ Material BiConditional

This is used when two statements are connected together in equivalence, such that one is true if and only if the other is true at this time, but not necessarily at a different time or under different circumstances.

Example: Due to a snowstorm this morning (the material condition), Johnny cannot get to school from his house today unless his Dad drives him. Further, once there he will not be able to leave until the end of the school day.

Thus, "Johnny is at school" ↔ "Johnny was driven to school by his father this morning".
On any other day, this may or may not be true, and thus this is material rather than logical.
(4) ⇔ Logical BiConditional

This is when two statements are connected together in equivalence such that one is true if and only if the other is true, period, regardless of any material conditions.

Example: A is equal to 4 ⇔ A is equal to 2+2. If the first part is true, then the second part is, and if the second part is not, neither is the first. No material changes can make that not the case, so it is a logical bi-conditional and not merely a material bi-conditional.

I tried to make this as clear and precise as possible. I hope it helps.

Way more often than you might even realize.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events

= is used to signify two numerical quantities are equal. 5=6-1.

≡ is used in lieu of "is the same as", verbally speaking. It denotes identities, i.e. two expressions whose value is equal no matter what the variables are. For example: (a+b)^2 ≡ a^2 + 2ab + b^2 . In most cases, we simply use = instead, but it is important to remember that it's simply an equivalence sign.

Do note that ≡ is more frequently used to denote congruence. Two numbers are congruent modulo a number N if N divides their difference. We write a ≡ b (mod n).

⇔ is "if and only if". P ⇔ Q means Q is true if and only if P is true. The truth table for this condition is such that P ⇔ Q is true in two cases: both P and Q are true, or both P and Q are false. This logical equivalence can also be written, albeit less frequently, as P ≡ Q

↔ is used exactly the same way as ⇔. No difference whatsoever.

Summary: It's better to learn these symbols as part of the required reading, there sometimes is significant overlap between what they are used for.

Another scenario is that the action becomes no longer illegal because a court rules that the criminal law was unconstitutional. In that scenario, a person previously convicted under the now invalid law may be able to apply to the court to be released. However, whether they will succeed is fact dependent and too complicated for an ELI5.

Yes, it's unconstitutional in the US according to Article 1, Section 9

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I think it's just that you've recently become more aware of earthquake reporting.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_earthquakes

The stopping distance on a bicycle doesn’t depend on the break performance as much as the amount of traction available. Breaking too hard will simply lock the wheels, especially in the wet. Disc breaks were introduced for bmx bikes due to improved performance in the mud. On road bikes disc brakes are overkill, add weight, are more difficult during wheel changes and are more complicated to maintain not to mention that the bike frame needs to be modified for them. All in all much more expensive.