I so very much appreciate your time. This is unacceptable to not comprehend to my brain. Please elaborate how is Expansion = (distance/time)/distance? I feel if I can understand that I'll "get it"

A complete vacuum or possibly if you go far enough another universe expanding out towards us. https://youtu.be/t80qywmnADM

It’s also mostly cartilage and not protected by much. If you’re hit elsewhere on your body, usually there’s muscle and fat to cushion the blow.

Some say, that space and time are simply two sides of the same coin.

While it is true that some parts of the universe are currently beyond our observable horizon, this does not necessarily mean that there are dark galaxies that we cannot see. Our ability to observe objects in the universe is limited by the speed of light, which is the fastest anything can travel. The farthest objects we can currently see are the ones whose light has had enough time to reach us since the beginning of the universe.

However, it is possible that there are areas of the universe where light has not yet reached us, and we cannot observe them yet. These regions are commonly referred to as the "unobservable universe." However, it is important to note that this is not the same as a "dark galaxy," which refers to a galaxy that emits very little or no visible light. Dark galaxies are still detectable through other means, such as their gravitational effects on surrounding matter.

Overall, our understanding of the universe is continually evolving, and there is still much we do not know.

So in a nutshell: We can only physically SEE so far. But by other means of measure we can detect certain energies further out into the universe. This one’s we can detect but can’t see are the “dark galaxies”. They still exist but are too far for us too see. And outside that is really unknowable.

The speed of light is an upper limit on how fast matter, energy, and information can move through space. The expansion of space during the Big Bang (and afterwards at a much slower rate) is something fundamentally different from motion. It’s a “metric expansion,” which doesn’t require anything to move within space and is not limited by the speed of light. It’s not even measured in the same units as speed; speed is distance/time, whereas expansion is (distance/time)/distance, which oddly collapses down to just units of 1/time.

I'm honestly glad I'm dumb, I can't comprehend how people like Einstein could ever even sleep. My brain does not compute incomprehensible.

It isn't something that anyone can comprehend. Nothing is not a concept that we are capable of understanding.

We don't really know how nothing interacts with the universe, as we are unable to observe this occurring (if it occurs at all).

That makes my brain hurt even worse lol. The universe expanded faster than light?

This just isn't something my brain can comprehend, I guess. What is the absence of everything, how does that react with something then?

>I'm just assuming that I'm correct in that there is an expanding ring of light, still expanding outward from the big bang

There isn’t, because the Big Bang wasn’t an explosion at a specific point in space casting matter into an empty void. It was a rapid growth of space itself that happened everywhere, and the closest thing to an afterglow (the “Cosmic Microwave Background”) can be seen from everywhere coming from every direction.

You are awesome, I'm not sure I understand entirely, or that anyone does but I understand slightly better. So the big bang did not follow the rules of physics and happened faster than the speed of light then? So there are theoretically dark galaxies that still have not had light reach them yet, and there always will be? Btw thank you in advance, you're awesome.

>I'm just assuming that I'm correct in that there is an expanding ring of light

Its not just light. Its everything - light, matter, space, time. Everything was created in the Big Bang.

>then what possibly can be outside that ring?

That is like asking what is north of the North Pole. Nothing - in the truest sense of that word - because everything in existence was created in the Big Bang (as far as we know). There isn't even space for the nothing to exist in - space is part of the Big Bang too.

>So if there is not light even, does that mean outside the ring there is no time?

Correct - no space, no time, nothing.

The Big Bang is often described as an explosion, but it's important to note that it's not an explosion that occurred in space; rather, it's an explosion of space itself. This means that the Big Bang did not occur at a particular point in space, but rather, it created space itself.

When we talk about an expanding ring of light from the Big Bang, we are referring to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), which is the leftover radiation from the Big Bang. The CMB is often depicted as a "ring" because it is the furthest we can currently observe in the universe, and it is at the "edge" of the observable universe.

As for what is outside the CMB, the truth is that we don't know for sure. It's possible that the universe is infinite, and there is simply more universe beyond what we can observe. It's also possible that the universe is finite and bounded, in which case there may be some sort of boundary beyond the CMB. However, the nature of this boundary, if it exists, is currently unknown.

It's important to keep in mind that when we talk about the universe, we are talking about everything that exists, including space and time. So if there is something "outside" the universe, it is by definition not part of the universe. Therefore, the question of what is outside the universe may not be a meaningful question at all.

Haha! I think often about the fact that farming was "invented" at some point, albeit by multiple civilizations simultaneously. But I think, "man what a bunch of morons to not have thought of it before." Yet here I am, completely incapable of making my pea plant produce peas. I def would have been culled from the herd early.

I was literally trying to think of a metaphor like this lmao

Pretty well in my 2010 Prius IV. Have not had a brake job done; currently at156,000 miles. All service performed by Toyota dealerships.

This is a bit like asking, "Why do firefighters wait until there's an alarm to send the fire truck?" If cancer is caught early and the patient has a good chance of recovery and survival with the least aggressive treatment, then there's no reason to bring out the big guns which usually come with bigger risks.

Getting hit in the nose has a different feeling from getting hit anywhere else because the nose is a particularly sensitive part of the body. The nose is full of nerve endings, meaning that it is very sensitive to touch and pressure. Additionally, the nose has a direct connection to the brain, so any sensation of pain or pressure that is felt in the nose can be felt more prominently.

Furthermore, the nose is home to a number of delicate and important internal structures, such as the sinuses and nasal cavity, which can be damaged easily by a hard blow.

An electronic device involves lots of different chips, components (resistors / capacitors), connectors, and so on -- maybe dozens or even hundreds of parts. The parts have pins or wires sticking out of them that need to be electrically connected. (Some chips have a couple dozen connection pins.)

A circuit board is a sturdy plastic / fiberglass surface on one side, copper on the other side [1]. A "new" circuit board has a solid copper surface on the back, coated with a light-sensitive protective chemical.

A solid surface is no good though. As a circuit designer you don't want everything connected to everything else, you want to make connections between specific points only.

So to get the connections you want, you make a shadow over the parts of the copper you want to keep, then turn on a bright light, then wash the copper with acid. The acid dissolves the copper, but only where the light destroyed the protective chemical.

Now you just have to:

• Put your components in the right places on the fiberglass side
• Drill holes for the wires / pins
• Glue ("solder") the wires / pins to the copper with a tiny bit of molten metal

After soldering, the parts are mechanically locked in place, electrically connected where they should be and insulated everywhere else.

There are many circuit board customization companies that offer these services for very cheap prices. You send your circuit design files to the company, and they use specialized robots to wash the copper, drill the holes, and also print directly on the board whatever graphics / labels you want ("silkscreening"). They ship you the finished circuit boards by mail / UPS / Fedex like any other online delivery. For an additional fee, another specialized robot can place the components and solder them for you ("pick and place") [2].

You can buy one or a few circuit boards with a unique circuit design for a prototype or a hobbyist one-off. Or you can order hundreds or thousands of identical boards at a time, if you're making a mass produced commercial product.

[1] Circuit boards can also have multiple layers.

[2] A lot of modern electronics use components ("SMT") that have very small, closely spaced connection points. These components are really designed to be soldered by robots; it's difficult for a human to solder them by hand.

You don't go rabbit hunting with an AC130. Use the correct tool for the job or you could easily go overkill

It’s basically risk management. Lots of things in life, including procedures, add risk. If they don’t need those options yet, the less risky path is chosen to (hopefully) find the same reward

Pretty much ended in windows 95 when Microsoft introduced "plug and pray". Plug and play allowed the os to set things like comm ports and irqs automatically instead of the users having to set the jumpers manually.

Each sound card speaks a different "language." In the days of MS-DOS your program had to talk directly to the sound card, so you had to add the "language" of the specific sound cards you wanted users of your program to be able to use.

With more complicated OS's (Windows, Linux, OS/2), the OS speaks a single "language" to programs, and under the hood there's a "translator" (device driver) that works for each sound card.

Basically it stopped being a problem when PC's started using OS's that would "do more" for programs, including talking to the sound card. In turn this new kind of OS was enabled by other underlying trends:

• Computers gained more memory, more disk space, and more processing power, there's enough spare performance to add extra layers/complexity to the OS and software
• PC CPU's gained the ability for an OS to run in a "privileged" mode and "be in control" of the computer, isolating programs from each other and the hardware
• Larger floppy disks (1.44 MB) and CD-ROM's made it easier to distribute large pieces of software
• Microsoft made deals with PC makers for Windows 95 to come standard with new PC's
• A larger market [1] means it becomes financially feasible for a company to pay higher dev costs to create more complicated software, as they can predict they will sell enough to recover the dev costs and make a profit.

[1] Before 1995-ish, PC users were kind of like MMO players or VTuber watchers today, a large community but a bit niche / nerdy and not quite mainstream. From 1995-2005 PC's became more like smartphones today, considered essential devices for the vast majority of the population (at least in the US and other advanced countries).

Cancer treatment is VERY dangerous. In many cases it might kill faster than illness itself. Meanwhile early stages of cancer are often quite responsive to lighter drugs.

As a rule of thumbs - you want to treat, not to kill. And thus you will not use potentially lethal treatment before you tried safer options and cancer development pattern gives you time for such trials.