An undergraduate program is one you can complete without having already graduated with another university degree. This is the one you would go into right after graduating high school.

A graduate program normally has a university degree as an entry requirement, although some also allow practical experience (Masters of Business Administration [MBA] programs often allow applications from people who have worked in business for several years). Either way you would not apply to one of these programs right out of high school.

An undergraduate degree is a bachelors degree (typical 4-year college degree). A graduate degree is a masters, doctrorate (PhD), or professional degree like MD (medicine), JD (law), MBA (business) one gets after a bachelors.

[deleted]

Like any sport with judges, it will always be somewhat subjective. Of course, there are guidelines, which the comment above goers over quite nicely.

In boxing, each round is scored by three judges. They can give up to 10 points to each boxer, but the overwhelming majority of the time, the score is either 10-9 or 10-8.

At the end of the match, each judge totals up their scores to decide who they think the winner is, and whoever is declared winner by at least two of the judges wins the match.

Yes, but that's a forgotten story. UPC is still with us.

. . . and a place for hair to grow, and has sweat pores to help cool us, and . . .

Skin is a really useful collection of tissues.

Out of my ass lol just for the examples sake. I also realize it would’ve been easier to say a 6 sided die, but I just woke up so leave me alone 😅

Probability (and science in general) hinges heavily on semantics. The chance to roll a 6 on a die never changes (1/6), but the chance of having 10 consecutive non-6 rolls is relatively low ([5/6]¹⁰=.162), so the chance of rolling exactly one 6 in a string of 10 rolls is 1-.162=0.838. So if you've had nine non-6s it feels like there is an ~84% chance of rolling a 6 on the next roll, but it is still just a ~17% chance.

[deleted]

As others have said, grocery stores (even small ones) have this down to a science. They have a good idea what demand is going to be, they know how long specific foods will keep on the shelf, and they place orders accordingly.

Even if they are off, it's easy to discount goods to get them off the shelf.

They have a large inventory because margins (for the most part) are very thin on groceries, so they make money by making a penny on millions of transactions. Most stuff that has bigger margins (think fresh bakery items) have drawbacks (they go "bad" quickly). By and large grocery stores go through it pretty quick so the large inventory is justified--people buy a lot of groceries.

> is there an economic reason to do this?

Yes--they have to make a small amount of money off of a large amount of goods.

> How much of the food ends up going bad?

Note as much as you think. Grocery stores have an incentive to reduce waste, since that's money they spent they'll never get back. There's a reason a lot of stores have a "hot foods" bar where they can recycle soon-to-expire foods, like produce, into soups. Aggressive sales to get food off the shelves is commonplace if the demand forecasting was off.

Yep, and if you looked at a curve of power output to engine size it follows reliability pretty closely, except for some badly designed outliers. The more hp you ask of an engine of the same size, generally the less longevity it’ll have.

There are 10+ liter turbodiesel engines in semi trucks putting out only 300-400hp that’ll go a million miles easily. On the other end when’s the last time you saw a 120hp 600cc sportbike with even 100,000 miles on the engine?

Each time you roll the six-sided die, there's six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The probability of each one of those is 1/6 (16.66...%), and the total is 1 (100%). It doesn't change with each roll, because you aren't changing the die, or what you are doing. There's nothing connecting one roll to the next; they are completely independent.

Where you getting these d16s from?

TIL PhD is an acronym.

[removed]

Peristalsis is frankly an amazing process.

I believe the same phenomenon occurs after eating a large meal as well, e.g., as with the spicy foods you mentioned that feeling of fullness can stimulate the bowels to move.

Had to do this a few weeks ago. In an emergency there's 0 time to try and downshift. Hit the brakes, there's time to hit the clutch, then put it in the appropriate gear.

Yeah exactly. I worked in the produce department at a grocery store in high school, a pretty nice suburban one. We carried so many of the more exotic fruits because originally someone asked us to carry dragon fruit so we would order a handful of them every few weeks for essentially that one person who then would do all her shopping at our store.

Made after I read your comment.

FYI there's an app called "Flash Food" that coordinates grocery stores selling the last few items or items close to their expiration date for a deep discount. I snap up entire boxes of produce for $5, guacamole, fresh mozzarella, etc. at more than 50% off.

And that’s just one of the “loss leaders”, where you lose $ on some products to get customers who will make you money elsewhere. Years ago (may not still be true) a buddy who was a VP at Walmart said they lose their shirts on bananas. They want theirs to be the greenest bananas out there so that people associate their food with freshness.

Coin toss is an easier example. The coin always has a 50 percent probability that it will land heads or tails on any individual toss.

But when you observe how often a coin will land heads N number of times in a row, we see that as N increases, the probability of success decreases. This is because as you toss coins, each toss brings with it the collective probabilities from all previous tosses.

So while each toss always has a fifty/fifty chance of landing heads, trying to predict how often a particular number of heads in a row will occur depends on how many coins you intend to toss, and the probability that each toss will land on a particular side.

So it’s hard to explain because each degree and level is different in their own way. For starters, you’ll need an undergraduate degree for a graduate degree which is the degree you’ll typically get when you go through four years of college, you’ll usually hear someone with an undergraduate degree say I’ve gotten my Bachelors in [Field]. Bachelors is often enough for a vast majority of jobs.

A graduate degree is a higher level of that degree to essentially train you to become the best expert in the field. You’ll have a solid foundation of lower level concepts and are even capable of teaching undergrads which usually graduate students end up doing by being Teaching Assistants. You will usually have to write a Thesis which is an original idea that contributes to your field to graduate depending on the graduate degree you get. You’ll usually hear someone say “I got my Masters in [Field]”or “I got my PhD in [Field]” in which a PhD is usually a step above a Masters degree which is reserved for the best experts in the Field you can go on to give lectures and lead projects and important research.

Graduate Degrees are also a requirement for some fields. When you hear Law School or Med School, they are Grad degrees that have their own set of special requirements. Some Fields don’t necessarily need a Grad degree but can benefit in job hunting such as a lot of STEM fields.

Graduate = above 4 years aka bachelors degree, so graduate degrees mean masters and doctorates, a phD. Juris Doctor (law) being an example of one of those. One you’ll be super familiar with is Doctor of Medicine.

Even though we call our doctors who make us better when sick, anyone who earns the degree levels of doctorate earns the title Dr. So this will be common to call a few of your college professors who hold a doctorate phD level education, “Dr X” instead of Mr/Mrs.

Undergraduate = associates (2 year) or bachelors (4 year).

Note despite years listed that’s the intended length, you could take 5 years to get your bachelors if you’re slower at doing such as if you have to take remedial classes, development education, classes to make you up to par as to what is expected of someone who is a college level student (these don’t give college credit towards the degree! But help a ton if you need them)

[deleted]