I remember arguing with someone about this regarding seeing a plane crash at an airport and then getting on another plane. Others were talking about how they wouldn't get on their own flight after seeing that. This person said that it would make them feel safer, because "what are the odds that two planes crash on the same day?" I said they weren't getting on two planes though, they were getting on one, and the odds of one plane crashing didn't change when another crashed (of course assuming that all plane flights are equal).

The irrational mind sees a plane crash and goes "Fuck that, I'm not getting on a plane now, it's likely to crash."

The rational mind says "what are the odds of two planes crashing?"

The reality is somewhere in between. The chance was always there, but it didn't go up or down simply because this event occured.

Generally when people talk about going to/graduating from university, they're talking about an undergraduate degree. It's the one you take after secondary/high school. You may have also heard it being called a bachelor's degree. You need one to get a graduate degree.

A graduate degree is either a master's degree (above an undergraduate degree) or a doctorate (above a master's degree and the highest degree you can get). They're called graduate degrees because you already have your undergraduate degree.

So it goes high school < undergraduate < graduate.

It's called the gastrocolic reflex and it's your body's way of making room for more food

To add to this - the old Volkswagen 4 cylinder engines put out around 55HP. Your normal modern car is 200HP and up. That engine was in the Beetle as well as the microbus. Neither vehicle was a barn burner, but could eventually get up to 60MPH. But after you got to that speed it would be fine. I used to also drive a 1980 Ford Mustang with a 6 cylinder engine that put out around 90HP. The post-muscle-car era had some pretty anemic engines, but we got around.

Okay so let’s take a look at madebyoneman, who is buddies with Vinny but besides the point that these two are the only two that I see that have a working model of Ed’s flywheel, madebyoneman is a retired navy electrical engineer who looks at Coral Castle (Ed Leedskalnin’s construction) with wonder and recreates his experiments. If you dive deep, you’ll find that madebyoneman explains the type of electrical system that Ed would have used, using old car parts (like the Magneto alternator from an old Ford Model T) components used in his flywheel combined with overhead wires and solenoids, using the flywheel as a power source.

The only mention of Perpetual motion is when you take a soft iron U-shaped magnet and wind copper coils around both ends, creating a horseshoe electromagnet but also a primitive transformer. When this electromagnet is charged, it is magnetic, and when you attach an iron bar across the poles of this electromagnet, it will not lose its energy. The iron bar is shown by fedora guy (another YouTuber idk what his handle is) to last at least 2 years, and when an LED is connected across both poles, when the iron bar is pulled off, it both loses its magnetic charge and lights up the LED momentarily. There is a discharge of magnetic energy. The energy goes somewhere.

This “permanent magnet holder” as Ed so happily named it, “PMH” for short, is intrinsic in his flywheel design.

The flywheel is made from Magneto alternator magnets from old Ford Model T’s stacked 5 high, and arranged in a repulse state, encased in cement. This “supercharges” or pushes the pole outward to make it a little stronger. The poles interact with the PMH to induce a magnetic charge in the system as the flywheel turns past it.

This does two things: controls the state of the current in the solenoid to be converted into reciprocating motion to do work (I.e. cut stone) and it also provides an auxiliary electromagnet with a charge, when placed on the proper angular position on the flywheel, supplies an attraction for the opposite polarity on the flywheel.

The clover cam on top of the flywheel dictates the position of the auxiliary electromagnet, as to move it away from the flywheel after it has attracted that specific pole. As the wheel spins, the polarity is reversed in the system, and the next pole is attracted, the solenoid extends or retracts, work is done, and the wheel continues to spin.

In no way is it not using energy, in no way is it perpetual motion, as energy is supplied into the system by 12v car batteries.

That being said, the wheel can return current into the batteries and return the lead sulphate back into lead and sulphuric acid. As a whole system, with one of these wheels in motion, and several batteries at opportune positions within the circuit, you can provide your cutting tools with reciprocating power, provide your lights with energy, with minimal losses.

In Ed’s pamphlets, he states that he believes that the batteries are made lopsided. In that the cathode is bigger than the anode, and he sought out to fix this problem. While writing this about his wheel, I realized that the batteries within the system were going to produce a one sided charge within the system, but I also believe that Ed solved the problem of the one-sided batteries by creating a larger anode, which would impart a state of equilibrium to the system as a whole which would allow the solenoids to operate off of the charge that the wheel supplied to the system as a whole.

Low frequency alternating current.

As I said, go find what you can about copper mining in the Baltic region at the turn of the century. If you’re focusing on Vinny St. Vincent’s rock levitating experiments, you’re missing out on madebyoneman’s tripods. One is more likely than the other.

Fedora guy who did the PMH experiments is Russ. This guy does all sorts of cool shit, great channel. I think he’s an engineer in Nevada or something like that. His videos on making a cnc coil-winder from a 3D printer are great.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=832qz3s1M-s

This. Grocery stores in the US are designed to serve a whole city or area; if you look closely they don't just have a lot of product, but also multiple check-out lanes and large parking lots. And the reason why is because the place is packed pretty much every evening and especially on the weekends, and lines actually form at the check-out registers.

0.838 is the probability of having at least one 6 among your ten rolls. You need to get into binomial distributions for the probability of a specific number of events. Exactly one six somewhere in the sequence is probability 0.323.

There are three levels of college degrees. From lowest to highest... Undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees and terminal degrees.

Imagine that college is like regular school you are already familiar with undergraduate degrees are those you earn in "four years or less," Graduate degrees are an additional 2 years post undergraduate and terminal degrees are the highest level of degree that one can earn in a field (if you ignore law and medical school,) these are typically 4 years (or more) after your undergraduate degree and entitle the person to call themselves doctor.

The term doctor can be confusing as it didn't originally have anything to do with medicine as is commonly believed today.

As someone whose first job was stocking frozen food in a major grocery store, I can tell you that what you don't necessarily notice in the 0-60 minutes you're spending in the store is just how frequently product turns over and is being continually re-stocked.

You can get them here.

Theoretically, you can make a die with any even number of sides by sticking two pyramids with an x/2 sided base together, though they definitely get harder to roll as x increases.

The probability of rolling a 6 on a die depends on the die; if it's perfectly manufactured then it's 1/6, if it's crooked then it's different than 1/6. The probability doesn't change because in theory the die does not change physically, when you roll it.

In practice, dice can get chipped / worn out, so the probability CAN change. But for the purpose of statistical problems, you're considering "perfectly manufactured" dice that are brand new.

Two reasons:

1. Lakes freeze from the top because the air is the mechanism that is removing heat from the water on the surface, so the surface freezes first, and as ice is lighter than water, it does not sink.
2. The heat-sink effect of the ground the lake is in. Ever notice that in winter bridges freeze over before the highway on the ground? That's why.

OP needs to clarify if they mean one engine in the middle of the vertical stabilizer (e.g. Lockheed L-1011), or two engines at the tail of the aircraft (e.g. MD-80). Though some have both (e.g. Boeing 727).

If you want an odd number of engines on aircraft, one of the engines need to be in the middle of the aircraft. So the middle of the vertical stabilizer is a good place. This design made sense back when 2-engine airliners were not allowed to fly overseas routes, but 4 engines became expensive, so they opted for 3 engines. More recently, some small jets have a single engine, and at least one design (PiperJet) was developed with an engine in the vertical stabilizer.

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Additionally, FBI is an initialism - another subset of abbreviations made from initial letters that are pronounced separately. Whereas PhD is not since Ph is not an initial

The other nuance is it’s not just torque it’s a idea called “tractive effort”. Which is a measurement of what it can pull. The same way a trains “power” is measured.

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Typically undergraduate degrees are conferred by a college and include associate's and bachelor's degrees. A graduate program is a specific college (so College of Business, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, etc) that will award a Master's Degree or a Doctorate after completing the program. You must earn a bachelor's degree to earn a spot in a graduate program but you don't need a Master's degree to earn your PhD (academic doctorate) or professional (JD - lawyer, MD - medical doctor, DO - doctor of Doctor of Osteopathic medicine) doctorate. Professional doctorates almost always include a significant amount of time in licensure training. Once you graduate medical college you have earned the right to be called "Doctor" but without 2-6 years of additional training (called a residency) you are not licensed to act as a physician.

Undergrad is more theoretical while grad school is more applicable to real world situations.

Your brakes and ABS slow you down at the maximum amount without your tires losing friction with the pavement (sliding / slipping). When you are already at the maximum braking-power:friction ratio and you dump more stopping force by downshifting, you will have more stopping force than friction and you will start to slide, taking you longer to slow down.

It's not actually. It's an abbreviation. Acronyms are a subset of abbreviations that form a word you can say. That means most of the time they need to have a vowel.

For example, NASA is an acronym whereas FBI is not. NASA you pronounce as if it's a single word. FBI you pronounce by saying all its letters individually, just like PhD

i guess so

This is a great explanation. Thanks!

Undergrad degrees teach you what the world has known for centuries. Graduate degrees teach you modern topics/techniques (Master's), and a Doctorate teaches you how to go beyond what is currently used/known.