I've worked at some grocery stores, one place would actually have us pull products a month before date so they could mark it for quick sale, marking it down again at a week before the best by date. We didn't end up throwing away much expired product.

It works with items that are fungible, like some specialty imported shelf-stable item. Because the last one is just as valuable as the first one, so you can capitalize on low supply causing a high demand.

With fresh produce, usually the nicest/freshest pieces are going to be taken first. So the last ones left are often bruised/damaged/discolored/otherwise undesirable in some way.

They'll put all of a product on sale if the stock is expiring soon but i haven't seen a clearance rack for individual items like the bakery section does.

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Medical student here.

Cancer becomes lethal when it impedes or prevents a vital organ from carrying out it's function.

Sometimes, where an initial tumour is won't do this. For example, some forms of breast cancer won't be lethal where they are. The tumour may be painful, and take away nutrients from other tissues and so cause other problems, but it won't be lethal. However, it can spread. The lungs are a very common metastatic (location other than the original site) site for all sorts of cancers, and here, tumours can block off airways and prevent you getting oxygen.

Cancers could also begin in an initially vital organ, such as brain tumours. Here, the cells keep growing and taking up space and nutrients until they kill nearby neurons. This can lead to personality change, memory loss, and eventual brain death.

Tumours can also be delicate structures. Often, the cells become hypoxic, and release a chemical (vascular endothelial growth factor) which causes blood vessels to grow into the tumour. Some types of tumours are delicate, and can bleed really easily. This could happen in say the brain, the lungs or the GI tract, and you can bleed to death either spontaneously (rare) or when the tumour is having its removal attempted (less rare.)

Another way cancer can contribute to death is when someone already has other co-morbities, for example, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Lung cancer in patients who are already struggling to get the right amount of oxygen into their blood or who are retaining carbon dioxide can exacerbate this problem and cause respiratory failiure, leading to acidosis and death.

These I would say are the four main ways cancer causes death.

Yes, but that was not the conversation we were having.

And the grounding of whole fleets based on one event immediately after it has happened without reason to think it was a flaw in the design of the aircraft itself is not exactly common. When a plane overshoots the runway on landing due to pilot error, they don't ground entire fleets of that airframe.

Planes crashing is very complex thing and the "odds" are as well. It's not remotely static like dice.

That part was also part of the conversation I had with the guy in trying to explain the concept of odds to him.

If you are in the US and thinking about going to college instead of trade school or working, I highly, highly recommend community college and getting an associates degree first, even though you cannot use it for a lot of jobs.

I attended a University directly after high school pursuing a 4 year bachelors degree and I failed out after getting about half way through a degree.

After almost 10 years I went back to community college, started from the bottom, and got an associates degree with better quality of classes, better teachers, and for much, much less money. My community college had a direct transfer to my old University and I transferred in as a Junior. I graduated two years later with a Bachelor's degree.

I am now on a direct path PhD program with a couple years left because I want to be on the cutting edge and do work that pushes the boundaries of our knowledge.

Different degrees open different levels of work, so think about what you want to do and how that role fits into what a company, lab, or the government is looking for.

Basic work now usually requires a Bachelor's and you'll usually be doing work that is well defined with not a lot of flexibility. Masters work is more specialized and often define the Bachelor's work flow. PhD work, along witth some masters, push the edge of what we know and do, and use Bachelor's to fulfill tasks they define to push the boundaries.

Different pay and responsibilities come with these roles, and there are certifications and experience that also impact roles depending on industry. Try to get experience in the field you want to go into and try to figure out what role you want to have. Sometimes a Bachelor's and a certificate is all you need.

Tl;dr, really consider community college first if you are in the US. Save money and get a better experience.

Hey, does Walmart have any little know “uglies” specials? I know the bakery piles the stuff about to be discarded on a clearance trolly in my store. Any last minute deals in produce?

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In the UK, stores get the recipes from TV food programs in advance so they can stock up. If 5 million watch Gordon Ramsey cook avacados, that will mean stores will sell more.

30% of all that food you see is going in the garbage. That’s 16 billion pounds a year.

Despite what people are saying about forecasting that’s actually not the reason stores overstock. Stores know they throw the majority of their food away however, having the shelves full is a marketing strategy to get people to buy more. More options means people buy more. Simple as that. Supermarkets are a way for someone to make money. They don’t care about your health or saving the planet, they want more money so the owners can invest more into stocks, buy a rental property and take vacations. It’s just for money.

You really did get the job done! Thank You! I see now the logic behind the credit score way better.

Unforunately stocking up is not about meeting demand, a large part of it comes down to projecting opulence. A fully stocked super market just "looks good". Supermarkets are not just about selling product but they're usually aimed at specific social classes. A supermarket that's always full and has everything attracts wealthier and more "discerning" customers.

It's a way for lenders to quickly assess your creditworthiness so they can make a decision whether to lend you money, how much, and at what interest rate.

It's based on factors from your credit report, such as length of credit history; types of credit/loans (do you have a history with credit cards, car loans, mortgages, etc); credit utilization (how much of your credit cards' allowable balance limit is filled); any negative actions/comments (bankruptcies, account charge offs/negotiated settlements, car reposessions, home foreclosures, etc.); number of accounts you have; recent hard credit pulls (could indicate other loan in-process or recently set up beyond what's reported on credit report).

In the past, lenders reviewed the reports, but there were individual biases, subjective criteria used by different loan officers, and it took time to read through pages of documents. By using an algorithm to spit out a more standardize score between 300-850, lenders can usually make instant decisions to approve you for a credit card, car loan or such and with what kind of interest rate.

A lot of food goes bad, well when i was young and used to work in the bakery department in a canadian store, i would throw up to two full carts of food in the trash compactor every day. Most of it was still edible but we had to follow the expiration dates no matter what. I asked once why they didnt donate it and they told me that if someone would get sick from it they would get sued.

We had cakes that would “expire” while they were still in the freezer, and i would just call over some of the employees and eat that thing behind a garbage bin like racoons, since we weren’t allowed to eat the food that we were throwing out. It was still perfectly edible and fresh to be honest, but we had to follow those sticker dates.

to layperson it looks the same

Again, this discussion was very much about simple odds, not the complex odds of all the multiple factors. Dude even ironically used the words "gambler's fallacy" to describe what he thought I was doing by saying that one outcome does not effect the next.

In the real world, yes, there are connections between complex events like plane crashes, and the "odds" aren't static like dice.

It’s a combination of a few things - insulation from the ground, the fact that ice floats instead of sinks, and the sheer volume of water present in a lake compared to an ice cube tray.

First, if you dig below the surface the ground is actually pretty good at staying warm or at least preventing the temperature from dropping below freezing. So a lake is only going to be experiencing freezing temperatures at its surface where it makes contact with the air.

Next, ice floats. If ice sank, it would fill up the lake from the bottom, overwhelming the effects of insulation from the ground because new ice near the surface would be constantly produced from contact with cold air. But because ice floats, it protects the water below it from the cold air. If the temperature is barely below freezing, that’s enough to insulate the water in the lake. If it’s really really cold outside it might be enough to freeze several feet of ice, but eventually it would be enough to start insulating the water below. Not as well as the ground, but enough that the water would be freezing at a much slower rate than if it were in direct contact with the air.

Finally, lakes are really big and have a lot of water in them, and temperatures are usually not cold enough for a long enough period of time to freeze a lake all the way through. A small pond might slowly freeze all the way through from top to bottom if the weather is really really cold for a really really long time. But a big lake with lots of water that is being insulated on all sides by ground and ice would take years to freeze all the way to the bottom. Maybe even decades.

Meanwhile, an ice cube tray, a) does not have the insulating effect of the ground; water can be frozen from all directions. If you pull ice cubes out before they’re fully frozen, you’ll actually see a “bubble” of liquid water trapped inside the ice because of how it freezes from all sides (instead of a layer on top) and b) has very little water in it compared to a lake, and only takes minutes to hours to freeze through instead of years or decades.

This is the answer. For ELI5: When you put food into your stomach, the stomach stretches. The stretching causes signals to be sent to other parts of the body to prepare it for digestion. Among these signals is the gastrocolic reflex mentioned above.

This causes the movement (motility) of the large intestine and colon to increase, which tends to result in a bowel movement.

And again, see the part about the Boeing 737-800 MAX.
Sometimes its a problem with the whole class of plane.
That's the most recent example I can name off the top of my head.
There are many many examples of this.

You can keep going to see sometimes how changes in process/certification lead to the crashes.
And sometimes that first crash is the sign those problems are starting to come home to roost.

The answer is simple, how would the dice remember what you rolled before? Each roll is an independent event, there's no memory of the last one that affects the next one.

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Ok, lot of that I can understant to be important for a bank so thank You for making it more clear to me.

The calculation of your credit score is quite complicated, and some of the decisions are not entirely sensible.

But think of it this way: If you use your credit card a lot, and you keep making the required payments, that makes you more trustworthy. If you NEVER use your card, then you never have an opportunity to "pay on time" (because you never charged anything), so they really can't tell if you're trustworthy or not.