You actually can refreeze food. There may be some quality loss depending on what it is and how it was packaged.

If it was left at unsafe temperatures for long enough that would make it unsafe to eat, but if that happened it doesn't matter if you refreeze it not, apart from the extra time for it to defrost again.

> Is earth gravity different in Death Valley vs top of Everest ?

Technically yes - gravitational force does decrease the further you get from the Earth.

However, the distance in question reduces the force by such a minuscule amount that it doesn't matter outside of science or engineering. You have to get very far away to notice - even the ISS, about 250 miles above the surface of the Earth, still experiences about 90% of Earth's gravitational pull.

From the calculations I was able to find, the difference in weight from sea level to the summit of Everest is about 0.4% - and that is about as extreme as you can get and still technically be "on Earth". For most practical purposes, you can treat the force as constant.

Edit: Just to expand on this, the highest city in the world is El Alto, Bolivia, at about 13k feet - half the height of Everest. A 50k lb shipping container would only weigh about 100lbs less if taken from sea level to El Alto - and that isn't a meaningful difference.

I always assumed you were best off hitting the clutch (like fully) at the same time to de-engage any passive revs from the engine?

I'm now second guessing myself and wondering if you'd be missing the impact of engine braking which would be more significant? I guess you'd not want to use the clutch when going down a hill because it would probably make things slower, but not sure if the answer on the flat.

We are taught in driving lessons here in the UK to do clutch and brake, but I never thought about what actually stops the car faster. I'd be happy if someone wanted to inform me so I can avoid a long internet rabbit hole about engine braking :).

> engine braking reduces the excess energy leftover once the tires would start skidding,

This sentence makes no sense. The wheels have a certain amount of grip. That doesn't' change depending on how the car is being slowed down. If you are skidding you've exceeded the wheel's grip.

To control speed both brakes or engine braking work. To emergency stop engine braking offers nothing.

there are like 10 different cases that i can think of out of my head. Most are in the US but not all, i believe one even was in Germany.

Is earth gravity different in Death Valley vs top of Everest ? I mean so altitude play a part adjusting or do we use a constant like light speed is a constant ?

I had thought the closer we got to the Center of the mass the more intense the gravity and the further away the weaker ?

Except the time to do and the means to do it and have the patience and the scientific method which is not actually that old.

thanks, it makes sense.

>and patience

you lost me

Eutrophication or hypertrophication effects the water system. Excessive nitrates and phosphates from farms and sewage can promote the growth of algal blooms which then can choke the life out of rivers lakes and streams. https://youtu.be/gGDWsZNrF-8

Before the calendar we use today people had a calendar that had. Months in line with the moon. They noticed that things repeated themselves roughly after 12 of them, so you had years with 12 months and sometimes 13. The Jewish calendar still has this.

Also isn't this fairly easy to look up on wiki?

Ultimately, it doesn’t matter which number I pick, I’ve still got the same chance of being right as with any other number.

People can use superstition to help them decide, but it doesn’t make them any more likely to be right. Some people will choose 6 because “that’s got to be right, it’s happened so often”. Others will choose their favourite number “because that’s lucky”. Others will choose anything but 6 because “they can’t be that lucky”. Any logic you try and apply to it to say “this outcome is more likely than any other” is just your brain tricking you.

Very interesting . So because of all those sliced cells, microorganisms growth faster on thawed food ? Does it means that thawed food has to be cooked right away and can’t go to the fridge like fresh food ?

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Ancient peoples mapped the sky. Being able to track the movement of constellations across the sky, and the height the sun would reach were key markers of when to plant, when to harvest, when the rains would come, etc in times before watches and calendars.

Going back further cavemen would use the stars to know when animal herds would return and when spring was upon them etc.

Constellations were an easy way for them to remember groups of stars, and oral traditions were used to pass stories of said constellations and that knowledge to the next generation.

So long as you figure out that the Sun rises to different heights during the year, you can figure out that the Sun reaches it's height on the Solstice, then you can count the number of days till that happens again.

The reason there's 360 degrees in a circle is because the Babylonians used circles to track the sun year round and assumed (incorrectly) that there were 360 days in a year because it was a nice round number.

It took centuries for people to realize that calendars were faulty and corrected them by adding extra days.

You misunderstand. Four engines is more expensive to operate than three which is more expensive to operate than two. Airlines what planes that are cheap to operate. Due to ETOPS regulations the cheapest two engine planes weren't the cheapest to operate on certain routes due to having to take longer routes to stay within x minutes of an airport. So they went one engine up. Three engines made the plane more expensive but this was countered by being able to fly more direct routes.

Four engines were used only on the largest aircraft due to needing all that thrust to fly. Modern engines are powerful enough to only need two and ETOPS regulations have greatly relaxed with increased engine reliability.

When a multi-engine plane loses and engine they never shut down an opposing one if they can avoid it. Planes can fly with asymmetric thrust, it's just not efficient. So while you would never design a plane with asymmetric thrust you don't crash when it happens.

You have done a good job of explaining the math. And thank you.

Now, you're sitting at that gambling table and someone gives you the opportunity to choose one number that will appear on the die for the next roll after one quintillion. Are you going to choose some number other than the one that came up one quintillion times or some other number? I imagine you would choose the same number instead of picking some other number at random.

I only brought it up because the guy I'm talking about was specifically talking about it in terms of simple odds, not arguing the fact that air travel is a very complex thing.

It was very much an application of the gambler's fallacy to a real world event, one that has extremely hard to quantify odds with countless variables to begin with.

Ultimately, yes: all of Earth's atmospheric oxygen is from photosynthesis. But in the more local sense, it's just dissolved into the water from the air around it.

You can measure the length of the year to within the correct number of days with a stick, the ground, a way to mark the ground, the ability to count, and patience. It does not take anything sophisticated.

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Right, but engine braking reduces the excess energy leftover once the tires would start skidding, and in my experience can decrease it enough to be below the point where skidding would begin. I drive in snow a lot and use this frequently to decrease speed, not to stop.

In the instances I mentioned, I started with engine breaking then switched to brakes once at a slower speed - my brakes were fine.

They didn't, not always. Many cultures celebrated, not the solstice, but the day when they could tell that the day was getting longer and thus someday summer would return again.

The solstice wasn't necessarily the shortest day of the year (though it is). To these people, it was the day when the Sun at noon was lowest in the sky. That it was definitely the shortest day seemed likely given what else they knew, but they often could not measure the length of the day.

Measuring the comparative height of the Sun in the sky, however, takes a stick, the ground, something that can mark the ground, and some patience.

The best preventions for excess fetilizer runoff are

Not using more than needed

Not spreading during wet weather

Ensuring creeks and streams next to the fields are well vegetated around the sides to slow the runoff, absorb nutrients, and slow the water in the creek which slows down the nutrients that do still get in.

There are other more complicsted methods but most follow those guidelines.

The “absurdly unlikely” part comes in to play in being able to view the events from two different perspectives.

One is that, if someone claimed at the outset, that they could predict the next quintillion rolls of the die (whatever values those might be), the probability of all of them being correct is vanishingly small - each of the 6^quintillion combinations almost certainly won’t show up, only one will, and you’re relying on picking that one sequence.

However, once you’ve correctly predicted the quintillion rolls in a row, if you then say “I’m going to roll a 6 next”, you aren’t any more or less likely to get it right than you were on the first roll.

The probability of being able to predict (N+1) correct dice rolls is N * 1/6.

1 roll: 1/6

2 rolls: 1/6 * 1/6 = 1/36

3 rolls: 1/36 * 1/6 = 1/216 Etc.

If you’ve already done the N dice rolls, you’ve already dealt with the probability of getting to where you are in the chain of rolls. The probability to advance to the next step in the chain is always the same though, even if the chances of you successfully getting to that point in the chain are infinitesimal. You’d still expect 5/6 to get it wrong at the next roll, 35/36 to get it wrong in the next 2 rolls, and 215/216 to get it wrong in the next 3 rolls.