Captchas are also used to train AI image recognition. They're often blurry, hard to recognize images that AI can't (well. couldn't) solve themselves.

AI have gotten so good that they can solve them without being detected.

Is it? Feel like modern machine learning tools and an infinite supply of sites to train against make this very solvable if you're a motivated programmer

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And if on a touchscreen?

Out of Topic. I wasn't contributing nor adding anything whatsoever, but I was commending his eagerness to explain something he knew.

That is propriatary and therefore kept a secret. There are a number of different checks they do in the backend. Things like getting the exact browser, operating system, configuration and even things like the size of the browser window. They also collect timings and movement of the mouse cursor. And also cookies for social media sites to associate you with your online persona. All of this information is sent back to the operator of the robot check, most commonly google, where they presumably are looking for known fingerprints of robots. If they find something suspecious they will send you additional challenges that is harder then just clicking a button.

Google owns the company that provides those and google knows a lot about you (you may have a google account or from their cookies tracking your browser id). Google checks it's information about whether you're likely to be a real person and if it thinks it's very likely does nothing.

When it's not sure you get to identify something they need to train their AI or mark on google maps, like vehicles traffic control devices, fire hydrants, hills etc.

Clicking on them is very easy for a bot, that's why they don't just check that you have clicked them.

Your mouse movement is recorded and analyzed for unnatural behavior both before and after the click.

It's a whole subculture. Part of the appeal to a lot of people is precisely getting to those spots which look impossible. The people who are really serious about graffiti will totally carry ropes and harnesses and other gear to help them get where they need to be.

It's 40 years old this year, but a lot of stuff in the documentary Style Wars still rings true.

Typically a bot can spam forms easier than a human as they can see the underlying code / bypass things. They can also do it very quickly. Even just moving your mouse might be enough to determine if you're "real" as its actually quite difficult to simulate realistic movement.
If a bot was making multiple accounts or say voting on something they dont have to navigate thr page, they know what a submit button is and can directly select the object

The site tracks the movement of the mouse cursor when you are clicking that button, and there are specific ways in how humans move the mouse that can be analyzed and recognized.

What does OOT mean?

Some people find it exciting. Similar to people who go rock climbing without a harness. Adrenaline can make you do some silly things.

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Fertilizer is much more expensive to produce than iron which is cheap and plentiful. Using runoff would be much more expensive (extremely so) as they would have to build millions of miles of piping and collection systems, evaporate it out, and transport it into the middle of the ocean.

And in the end, the effects would be minimal, since the nutrient the phytoplankton are limited by is usually iron.

Whether there's carbon in it

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To add on to this, me and some of my friends like to use slow chargers especially to prevent battery damage. And we try to never charge above 90% or discharge under 30%. Li-ion hates heat, fast cycles, deep chargers and discharges.

There are people who are willing to risk their life or health just to put some graffiti in such a place. I mean there are people who would risk their lives for literally nothing at all, and in the graffiti case at least there’s a graffiti.

Iron loves to incorporate stuff. Problem is that it tends to make small-ish crystals of iron surrounded by a coating of stuff.

Imagine the iron crystal is used chewing gum, and the stuff is sand, then your material is made of dirty used chewing gum balls sticking one another with sand reducing the stickiness.

The cheapest form of iron ally is cast iron, with a lot of carbon. Works like your chewing gum balls with a hard coating on each grain. It’s strong but brittle as you can break apart the grains by breaking the hard brittle coating between the grains. It’s still good for casting, but can’t be bent into a shape, or forged into a shape.

If you reduce the carbon amount you can thin the brittle coating of grains. Needs more processing. More cost but better iron. Still brittle-ish, a further process is to add some material that softens both the grain and the coating. Medium strength, but ductile enough to be shaped. It’s the iron you see for general low cost purposes.

If you process more you can remove the carbon, now you have the good steel.

The good steel then can be tweaked. One way is to heat it up until the coating melts and is dissolved in the grain, then quench (fast cooling) and you have “frozen” the structure into a grain with thin/nonexistent coating and the dirty stuff dissolved in a harmless way int he grain. Do this with carbon steel and you have a good sword or tool. Some processes allow to add carbon to the surface only, so when you quench you get a strong flexible core and a harder surface that resist abrasion, good for blades, gears, tools.

Another process is to add very strong things to the coating or the grains or both. Chromium, molibdenum, vanadium, and so on. This way you get “super steel”. It’s quite expensive but according to the mix, you can get something very strong and flexible to make springs. You can get something just strong, hyper strong, usually to make spanners, tools, and expensive mechanical parts. There’s special mix that can give the grains a “skeleton” and an armor as a coating. These last category can be used to make drill bits and similar cutting tool, able to cut almost as Diamond.

The fascinating part of iron alloys is that it’s a material that loves to mix with a lot of stuff and loves to change grain size and shape and grain coating thickness, or even having no grain coating, all of this for each mix and each temperature, and iron also can be “frozen” in its structure by quick cooling. So it’s one of the few metals that can be mixed, heated to a point it gets a special grain, then “frozen” in that state.

I think I spent 3 moths at school to learn the most common (but not all) iron alloys, while it took just a month to discuss ALL the other metals. That’s how much you can play with iron alloys.

That sounds very expensive compared to utilizing free fertilizer runoff.

A call is basically an option to buy eg 1 share of ACME corporation at the price of $10 on or before a certain date. If the market price goes above $10 you would want to use the option to buy at $10 and then sell immediately at the higher market price.

Also, it's showing that we don't take whatever it is seriously. It can be a part of playing and joking, but also a part of distancing ourselves from something or someone.

As for why it sounds the way it does, that's probably just a small trait that randomly got amplified and entrenched by evolution, just like smiling when happy or crying when emotional. Body language isn't nearly as changeable as language, but it still deviates quite rapidly when species differentiate. Just look at how differently dogs and cats use their tails, or how apes show their teeth in very different situations than humans.

But for real, Out of Topic. I’m fun at parties!

Kind of ... The boost that a Turbocharger delivers is dependant not only on engine speed, but also on how much fuel you're burning - if you start climbing a hill and put your foot down to maintain speed then more fuel is burnt and the turbo boost increases without any increase in engine speed.

A supercharger, on the other hand, delivers a fixed amount of air per revolution of the engine regardless of how much fuel you're burning - this presents difficulties: It places a hard limit on how much fuel you can burn (because you can only burn as much fuel as you have oxygen to burn it with), this is especially important at high altitudes when you need to force larger volumes into the engine to get the required mass of air for combustion.

There are in 2-stoke diesels (EMD 645, for example) that have supercharged variants for low altitude use, and turbocharged variants for high-altitude/more demanding purposes. However, because 2-stoke engines need forced induction to work* a standard turbo is unsuitable at idle/low power since it wouldn't deliver the intake pressure required for the engine to run at all. To cope with this the turbo is driven from the crankshaft through a clutch that allows it operate (effectively) as a supercharger at low speeds but as full turbo at high speed.

* In case you're wondering: on a small 2-stroke petrol engine such as might be found on a chainsaw or motorcycle, forced induction is achieved by using the crankcase to pressurise the charge - so the charge is sucked into the crankcase through a non-return valve during the compression stroke then pressurised during the power stroke before flowing into the cylinder through the intake port.