So, the "Do Re Mi" is a great launch for an example of a scale and key. As you step through it singing, each sound is a slightly and particularly higher note than the last right? If you do it again, but sing the first Do at a different starting note (lower or higher, doesn't matter) you'll step through the rest of that scale on the same pattern of rising notes. So here, you're singing the scale in a different key. Same sounds, same pattern, but different "base" note.

Songs are all in a key, that is rooted in a base note and a particular pattern. Another artist might play the same song in a different key for a stylistic reason or simply a preference. Like the cover versions of Landslide or Jolene.

An easy place to hear a key change is in a lot of older country songs, like Good Hearted Woman. That song is in one key for most of it and then transposes up a bit to a new key. They play the same pattern, but base it off a different key.

The question was 'what's metadata?'

OK so, the keys on a piano are black or white, right? The white ones are A B C D E F G. The black ones are either sharp or flat, let's not worry about why for a second and just say the black keys are Ab Bb Db Eb and Gb.

If a song is in the key of C, then, very simplistically, almost all the notes and chord are *only* comprised of the white keys. That is, a "key" is 7 out of the available 11 notes. Those notes sort of "sound good" together and most western music is oriented around a key.

Different keys are different note, but the 7 notes in that key have the same relationship as in the key of C, just shifted up or down.

[removed]

Rachel is the worst for sure. Literally the worst.

But did you ever hear the name of Darth Plagueis the Wise?

Trash tier story in what could have been an amazing setting. I hate Rachel

Can confirm, I communicate via email with people from all over the world for work and typically use first/given name in the email salutation. Japanese names are easy to recognize first and last, as are the more common Korean last names like Park or Kim. Vietnamese on the other hand is often tough for me to discern first name. There's no typical convention by country in terms of name order in email addresses. It seems to be based on whether the company is more traditional/formal or not.

I'd also guess a lot of people have no clue which part of a korean name is the first name or last name

But do you know the name 25th Baam?

https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/towerofgod/images/e/e8/Baam_5_hidden_floor%28turt3gt%29.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20191120022057

Thanks for the answer! The idea of the atom frequency as a constant (the same hourglass back then as now) is very interesting. Thanks again!

Also it is the most populous country on Earth, so obviously for any type of person you can imagine, a lot of them will be from India.

I'm assuming you are talking about the orbital period of the Earth? Years do change as we change definitions of time, although these are small.

The Earth is actually moving very slowly away from the Sun, so years are getting a little longer, although the difference is pretty difficult to measure.

The Sun pushes the Earth away due to the solar wind, but this actually has very little effect. More important is the mass loss by the Sun via the solar wind (and fusion reactions). The Sun loses a mass of about 8 Earths per year. One site I saw said this has resulted in a net loss in velocity of 22 m/s over the life of the solar system--fairly insignificant to the current 29.78 km/s

If you go back far enough, then the Earth was involved in major collisions. These could have had great effect on the orbital period by (mostly) adding large amounts of mass.

That last bit sounds very plausible. Since the end of WWII we've had a very close relationship with Japan with a ton of cultural exchange. Americans are just more familiar with both Japanese naming customs and the sound of which names are given vs familial.

This is the real answer. I know the name "Shinzo Abe" and I know the name "Ban Ki-Moon" but I could not have told you until a few seconds ago when I looked it up which of either is the family name and which is the personal name. Wiki has an overview of Japan's Meiji-era decision to swap name orders in contexts using Western languages.

[deleted]

It's actually the Japanese who do this, not English speakers.

During a period of Japanese history called the Meiji era, the country was rapidly industrialized and modernized on the model of the contemporary great powers of Europe. This included adopting not only Western industry but also Western-style laws, military organization, education, clothing, architecture, art, music, etc. In those days, to achieve the success of the West it was believed that a country's entire society must emulate the West, and Japan was not the only country to do so (consider Turkey, where in 1928 the entire writing system was changed in order to be more European).

As one element of this "Europeanization" whenever writing or speaking European languages, including English, the Japanese would reverse their own names to the more European family-name-last order instead of the typically Asian family-name-first, and this continued to be the norm into the 20th and 21st centuries.

For China and Korea, if they did experience modernization in the European image, it was not to the same extreme of this name-order code-switching and thus never became the norm in those countries. In the last few years there have been moves in Japan to return to the traditional name order in Western languages, e.g. the English-language website for the Office of the Prime Minister shows Fumio Kishida's name family-name-first (and in caps, for added clarification), but English-language publications have been slow to switch.

Starting in the late Nineteenth century, Japan adopted the western custom of putting the given name first and family name last when writing/saying their names in English.

It’s only in the last few years that a movement has started to change it so that the order will match between Japanese and English.

I'd expect that a big part of it is when their names were introduced to western audiences. I'd expect that generally the willingness to not alter the names much from their original form has probably increased over the last few decades.

Korean names often do get swapped. The footballer Park Ji-Sung was very often referred to as Ji-Sung Park. Same is true of several other Korean footballers. Son Heung-Min is a current example. Often talked about as if Son is his given name, or referred to as Heung-Min Son.

Also, possibly part of that reason Korean names may get switched less is because we aren't even aware of the family/given name order. To use your example, I'd imagine plenty of English speakers think 'Bong' is his given name and 'Joon-ho' his family name.

Whereas I think we have a little more cultural familiarity with japanese names, so we recognise certain names as family and certain ones as given names, and switch them to be the order we recognise.

>We have named a year to be the time it takes for 1 orbit of the sun.

That is not the case. The year we base our calendar on is the one cycle in the season on earth. You can pick the time between March Equinox and next March Equinox. This is a tropical year

It is it and the average solar day we try to make a calendar from. because there is not an integer fraction between the you need to add leap years

​

An obit around the sun relative to a star far away is a sidereal year. It differs from the tropical year by around 20 minutes. It adds up to around 1 day of change in 72 years so not a lot but very relevant if you, for example, do celestial navigation.

Over a long time it has a larger effect, Compare the day that typically zodiac and when the sun really is in the sky, there is a difference of around 20 days because of the 20 minutes difference over more than millennia.

In simple terms. Inbreeding.

Time is not a human construct. Time exists whether we do or not. The labels we choose are constructs, but the underlying passage of time still occurs, whatever we label it.

Further some things, such as a year, are defined by external factors, namely the Earths orbit around the Sun. This does not change with the existence of humans. It is a known quantity. The orbital periods of other planets are indeed different, but thats not what is referred to by "a year", which is why you have to qualify in circumstances where thats what you want to talk about.

Yes and no.

Yes (mostly) - the time, in absolute terms that the earth takes to complete one lap around the sun has been close to the same. Orbital period is determined by an objects distance from the sun. The Earths average distance from the sun has been basically the same since its formation, meaning its orbital period has been the same.

No - We typically measure years in number of days (roughly 365.25 right now) it takes for the Earth to complete one orbit. While the overall length of orbit in say, seconds has not changed, the number of days it takes HAS because the Earths rotation is slowing down. Billions of years ago it probably took less than 20 hours for the Earth to complete one rotation, aka one day. So the number of "days" in the year was greater, as each day was shorter.

So in raw time, yes, its basically the same. In terms of how many "days" it took? No, it used to be longer.

If you read it as "universality of marriage" is the risk factor, a lack of it would be the risk in this case.