Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

linuxgeekmama t1_jdp1hcs wrote

For the same reason that Covid and HIV/AIDS were successful- it can be passed on by asymptomatic carriers. You can have one copy of a recessive gene and be unaffected by it.

Tay Sachs is a disease that is caused by having two copies of a recessive gene. It’s pretty much always fatal if you have it, and it kills people before they are old enough to have kids. But you can have one copy of the Tay Sachs gene and not even know it. If the other parent of your children doesn’t have the gene, it doesn’t affect you or your children at all. The problem only happens when two carriers have children together. Even then, only 1 in 4 of their children will have Tay Sachs.

It gets more interesting if having one copy of a recessive gene is beneficial. There are several recessive genes where, if you get one copy of the gene, you have more resistance to malaria. Sickle cell anemia is the most famous example. If malaria is a significant problem where you live, someone with one copy of the recessive gene might be more likely to survive and reproduce than someone with no copies would.

It’s even more complicated with humans, because having as many children as you possibly can isn’t necessarily the best reproductive strategy for humans. We’re K strategists, which means we tend to have fewer children and put more parental resources into the ones we do have, rather than just having as many children as possible. If two carriers of a recessive gene have children together, but only have a few children, there’s a decent chance that none of their children will inherit two copies of the gene.

The environment doesn’t stay the same, and who’s fittest can change. New diseases happen, as we’ve all seen in the past few years. There are also a lot of non-genetic factors that determine which humans survive and reproduce.

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chadenright t1_jdp07o1 wrote

Ideally your car will always be Lawful Good; it will drive better and cause less wear and tear on itself over time. But shoddy roads, rage-inducing drivers and lengthy traffic stops can tend to cause the car to slide slowly but inexorably through neutral to chaos and evil. Regular maintenance and the occasional exorcism can keep this tendency in check, however.

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SuperAngryGuy t1_jdozhc6 wrote

Nope...never! The issue is that if you start swapping the ground and neutral you make the ground wire a current conductor and can have parts of an electrical system energized that should not be.

We may only tie the ground and neutral together in the panel and nowhere else in the whole electrical system.

The ground conductor is normally never a current conductor (except for slight leakage). Ground and neutral are both grounded conductors that perform different jobs in an electrical system.

I've been on commercial/industrial service trucks where I've seen a lot of shady stuff with grounding, though.

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SoulWager t1_jdozcsy wrote

Live and neutral carry the normal operating current, earth/ground is for safety.

Neutral is tied to ground/earth at the main breaker panel.

Ground doesn't normally carry any current, but when there's a fault it provides a safe return path for the current. If you have a metal enclosure, it should be grounded, so that if a live wire touches it, it trips the breaker or blows a fuse instead of sitting there hot waiting for someone to touch it.

You can't use neutral for this, because a single point of failure on the neutral line can make the rest of it hot due to electricity conducted through the load.

Some appliances, especially those with plastic cases, don't need the ground wire, because they're double insulated(a single failure won't cause a shock hazard).

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GlennGP t1_jdoybch wrote

Not a biological answer: zombie mythology had traditionally presented them as slow and shambling, a deadly threat, but not too difficult to escape if you have an escape route. Think "Night of the Living Dead", right up to "Shaun of the Dead", easily 30-40 years of that portrayal in the zeitgeist. I think it was largely "28 Days Later" that popularised the "fast zombie" threat, which really ups the ante in this genre. "The Last of Us" builds on that strain of the mythology very nicely.

Total fiction, of course, but scary nonetheless.

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Vogel-Kerl t1_jdoy6pm wrote

The only real world possibility of "zombies" have to have an intact cerebellum and primal brain functions.

Those zombie movies that suggest a virus, or fungus that destroys the brain's frontal lobes are in the realm of possibility.

Those zombie stories of the dead coming back to life are simply ludicrous. Without a functioning cerebellum to coordinate movements, zombies aren't crawling, let alone standing, let alone walking, or running.

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xMcRaemanx t1_jdoy4j1 wrote

The classic zombie being re-animated dead were generally slow and not agile factoring in decomposition and muscles losing their elasticity.

Modern "Zombie" movies and shows have taken a few different routes. In cases like 28 days/weeks later, world war z, and the ladt of us. It's a viral/parasitic/fungal infection taking over the host leaving the body largely intact and functioning.

Theoretically in these cases the invasive species could override our built-in limits like ignoring pain to push the host to exteremes for longer periods.

What everyone else said about them being fake so it doesnt matter is true but there's reasons behind the fiction.

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Chaotic_Lemming t1_jdoxp4j wrote

As fictional creations they are as fast or slow as the writer needs them to be in order to advance the plot. Original zombies were shambling and slow. They caught people through numbers and surprise. Or by pursuing the person until they made a wrong turn and got cornered. Shaun of the Dead plays on this older zombie concept.

Using your example of The Last of Us, there are several situations in which the main characters would absolutely have been killed were they not wearing full plot armor. But the zombie moved just a hair too slow, or got distracted, or went too fast and somehow overshoots. Or tackles them in just the perfect way to not be able to manage a bite. Never happens for the poor schmucks in the background though. Zombies run 'em down, pure focus, perfect aim. Tackle them mouth first, bitten in less than a second. Turned in 5 seconds. No hours long mournful transition allowing tearful goodbyes with loved ones.

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CurnanBarbarian t1_jdoxlvj wrote

You can usually tell by the way the car pulls when nobody is touching the wheel or how you correct. If the car always pulls to the left, you'll always correct to the right. Also if the steering wheel is crooked when the wheels are straight you need an alignment.

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Sol_Hando t1_jdoxi54 wrote

In a fast growing company, all of the people seemed necessary at one point or another. When Indeed was growing, and there were significant numbers job-seekers looking for a place to work who were not using Indeed, then adding features, advertising, expansion of facilities, maintenance, etc. made a lot of sense.

Markets are limited in size though, there are only so many useful features that can be added, new leads to acquire, etc. so eventually, usually when growth slows, a large number of people are being employed without much to do. A classic example of this was twitter, which if you've heard some of the stories from ex-employees required 2-4 hours a week in remote work by their programmers. Mass firings might signal negative financial health in a company, so any executive who suggests it would need to be up against a wall. It's much easier to keep hiring at all costs if you're in charge.

At one point all those employees had something to do, and probably were very productive, but employees have a lot of incentive to "seem" like they have a lot to do, so it might take a while before management realizes 90% of their workforce is working less than half the time.

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JackalopeZero t1_jdowyao wrote

Here are some of just the roles required to produce quality software: front end dev, back end dev, QA, project manager, scrum master, dev ops, designer, UX/UI, android dev, iOS dev. That’s your average “squad”. A mid-large software as a service company will have maybe 5-10 squads. That’s not even including everything outside of the tech such as advertising, hr, higher up managers and such

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Mr_Mojo_Risin_83 t1_jdowvga wrote

also, any gene that's only carried by 1% of a population will almost surely disappear anyways. even if it's not detrimental to survival. if you have a pond of 100 fish and only 1% carry the gene, then a bird comes and eats 20 x fish, there's a random chance the 1 fish with the gene will be removed from the gene pool entirely. whereas the other 99% will always have numbers among the survivors.

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oForce21o t1_jdowpac wrote

there is no science about zombies, in real life the dead muscle tissue, even when electrically stimulated, will quickly coagulate and stiffen. Even if somehow the brain could turn back on in this point, the muscles are completely unresponsive.

The zombies in the show are made up so their speed is arbitrary

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