Very interesting thank you!

In effect, you're right. They are very automated.

To mega-ELI5 it, the general process is that the pilots are in control until the plane is in the air after takeoff. Then they flip on autopilot, and from here until landing, it's just moving a series of knobs to tell the autopilot how high you want to fly, what direction you want to go or what navigational marker you want to fly toward, and a few more granular things to keep the ride smooth. Mind you, they usually get instructions about these from controllers on the ground if they weren't predetermined.

Once landing starts, the pilots dial in whatever pre-designed flightpath the controllers ask for (or a spot to circle as part of a queue if necessary), and the autopilot flies it. Once the plane is lined up with the runway and on its way back to the ground, then the pilots take control again and stick the landing.

If this makes you anxious about how little humanity is in the process, don't be! The whole reason planes basically feel like unmoving rocks while cruising is because the computer is that good at keeping control. There's also about a half-dozen duplicates of every little component, so even if several things beef it on a flight, there's still enough backups to avoid emergency.

Modern jetliners use what is called "fly-by-wire". There's no direct mechanical connection between the flight controls in the cockpit and the control surfaces on the wings and tail. When the pilot makes a control input, computers interpret that input according to the control law that is currently in effect and then move the control surfaces appropriately.

That is my thinking exactly

There are several video tutorials out there, a lot of them are aimed at simulator games but are accurate enough. To start with you do not have to use the automation at all. You can fly the airplane using the hand controls just like a hundred years ago. This is usually done at least twice during each flight but not for long. The basic autopilot are made of three different systems, one to keep the heading to a set heading, one to keep the altitude at a set altitude and one to keep the speed at a set speed. This is more like your cruise control and lane guide on a car. On modern airliners these controls are mounted on the glare shield above the dashboard right under the windshield. The heading autopilot is also able to take input from the radio which listens out for radio beacons or from the GPS. So the pilot can tell the autopilot to fly to a place on the map at a set altitude and speed and the autopilot will fly there directly. It can even make an approach on a runway using the instrument landing systems mounted on the runway. The most advanced piece fitted to these airliners is the flight management system. This is similar to a navigation unit on your car. You can program the FMS with multiple waypoints or it can calculate those itself. When you get close to one waypoint the FMS will reprogram the autopilot to fly to the next waypoint. So in theory with an FMS the airplane can fly the entire flight itself.

However there are still lots of things for pilots to do. Airliners are not fitted with systems to automatically taxi the airplane on the ground or take off. There are usually systems to automatically land but these are not as good as humans. In addition there are lots of things like lights, flaps, gears, etc. which is not controlled by the autopilot. So for each step of the flight you need to go through the checklist and set up the airplane manually. And there are also tons of systems to keep a track of and monitor in the air. There are a lot of alarms alerting the pilots when things are wrong but it does not catch all the various conditions and even when an alarm sounds the airplane will not be able to automatically find out why the sensors read what they do and what should be done about it. So you need to constantly monitor the airplane and make sure it is safe at all times, and be ready to handle any unexpected conditions.

How does a “building” have so many employees?

[removed]

In the case of the airbus the computer is always flying. Moving the stick is just asking the computer how you want it to pitch. And it will follow within safety margins. Most of the flight will be auto pilot on pre programmed routes. I am not a pilot so I'm sure one can come in and explain it much better.

[removed]

So your interpretation of these words in the song is that the singer likes to fuck dead women ?

[deleted]

[removed]

[removed]

You didn't read anything but the title, did you ?

[deleted]

[removed]

[removed]

Audio files, streaming services, etc, basically transfers audio in a digital format. The digital format is then used to reconstruct an analog electrical signal, which is then sent to a speaker to convert into vibrations (using magnets) that we can listen. That is the basic of how audio works.

Sending audio through a headphone jack means, your phone/laptop/media player first converts the digital audio file/stream into the analog electrical signal, and then amplifies this signal to a certain level, before sending the result out using the headphone jack to the earphones/headphones. How loud the sound coming out from your earphones/speakers, depends on the amplification of this electrical signal. For commercial earphones and headphones, the amplification needed is not that much, and so phones/media players are able to internally amplify the electrical signal, and send it to the headphones/earphones, at the cost of its own batteries. Old headphones uses slightly different magnets such that it needs more amplification for it to work properly, and so they have their own power supply to amplify the audio electrical signal before sending to the magnets to produce vibrations.

When it comes to speakers, where you'll need it to be louder than earphones/headphones, the amplification required is larger, so more power is needed to amplify the electrical signal. Some speakers have built in amplifiers - basically if you see a speaker that is connected to a power source / uses battery, it has a built in amplifier. Even if the power source is a USB cable connected to your laptop/computer, that is still an in-built amplification - and others will require an external amplifier, but key point is, for an electrical signal to be heard, an amplification is needed.

When it comes to wireless technology, audio signal from the phone is sent through digital wireless communication, most commonly used being Bluetooth. So, the conversion from digital to analog electrical signal, happens on the wireless headphone itself. After that, again the electrical signal needs to be amplified to a certain level that it is audible, and that is why the wireless headphone needs its own batteries/power source. First, to power the digital to analog converter (DAC), and then to amplify this analog electrical signal.

Something tells me OP does not understand how a speaker works. Or that headphones are speakers.

The technology behind wired and wireless headphones is very different. Wired headphones use a cable to connect to your phone, which uses very little power. Wireless headphones use Bluetooth, which uses more power and therefore needs to be charged more often.

Because they're taking power from the phone through the headphone port.

Speakers that take external power do so because the headphone port can only supply a certain amount of power.

Same for computer speakers. Used to have some that just needed the 3.5mm audio jack. Others need usb. And the powerful ones need to be plugged into the wall.

Oh boy. This is a fun rabbit hole.

Tl;dr: the sound waves from the music are converted to electrical waves and sent to the headphones down the cord to the speakers in the ear buds.

The longer version -

Do you understand how a speaker works? There are magnets in speakers. The magnets are connected to the speaker cone.

When an electrical signal is sent to the speaker, the electrical signal goes to a coil in near the magnet.

Now remember, magnets have north and south poles - Positive and Negative. When the electrical signal goes through a wire it creates an invisible electrical field. This electrical field, depending on the orientation, will attract or repel the magnet.

The magnet is attached to the speaker cone. Instead of the coil of wire moving, the magnet and the speaker cone moves. This causes vibrations in the air that we hear with our ears.

So when you put a sound wave as an electrical signal into the wire it will cause the speaker to move.

Here's an example video illustrating how it works. https://youtu.be/CN6lmC6bgxE

When you have air pods or wireless ear buds, in order to generate the electrical signal to move the magnet you need some sort of power.

FUN FACT: Did you know that a speaker could also be used as a microphone? It may take a lot of yelling to move the speaker cone, but it can be done. The air waves would move the speaker which moves the magnet in the coil. That magnet moving in the coil of wire induces electrical current inside the coil and creates an electrical signal.

>But for wireless speakers, the wireless signal does not transfert energy.

It does transfer energy is just not enough to power the amplifier or to directly drive the membrane.

RFID is an example of short-distance radio communication where the signal powers the tag. Contactless payment with credit and debit card use RFID to power chips that do encryption to make it safe.

You could have a transmission on one to power the headphones it would just be very wasteful of the phone battery. There is an audio transmission system that can and just that. You can build a crystal radio to receive AM radio and it does not need any power source.

Headphones are basically tiny speakers. A speaker works by having electric current vibrate a magnet attached to a diaphragm, and these vibrations are the sound you hear. In wired headphones the electric current goes straight from the device to the magnet over the wire. With wireless, the headphones are basically little computers with a tiny Bluetooth chip. The device sends a digital signal which the Bluetooth chip receives. Then the chip translates this into the current that drives the magnet. So the chip needs battery power to operate the tiny computer and generate the current. But with wired, since the current is coming over the wire and there’s no tiny computer to power, no charging is needed.