Its a lot easier to fix one problem at a time than 10 problems at the same time

You get up in the morning and your car won't start. You run through the quick checklist. Fuel in the tank? Yup. Key in the ignition? Yup. Battery charged? Nope

So you jump the battery and the car starts and you're off

This is what happens when they slowly go through the process nodes. Each node has a new quirk that needs to be identified, triaged, and fixed and once that's done they can start getting product

Its a lot harder if your car just went through a wild science experiment and won't start. If your battery is dead, ignition switch is broken, fuel pump is missing, and spark plugs are bad its going to be a whole lot harder to troubleshoot that car and get it going since you have to identify and fix all problems before you get any results

It doesn't make business sense to go from 90% yield and then hop to a node with 2% yield that slowly ramps up to 90% over the next decade. Take a sequence of small steps that each have a small step rather than a giant leap that either works or utterly bankrupts the company

Yep, a proper punch utilizes way more than just arm strength. You should be putting your whole body into the motion of a punch and your weight will help make the punch harder. There are some pretty simple techniques you can find that will help your form and motion when throwing a punch or a kick that do not require a whole lot of training..

Thank you for the explanation. I wanted a simple explanation, and I got it. I remember learning about “inertia” in highschool.

Does this “inertia” play a factor in how hard a human can hit? I think it ties into the analogy of the car that you wrote.

When you punch, your body weight and muscles help to create the force behind the punch. Think of your body like a car - the heavier and stronger the car, the more power it can put into moving forward. People who are lighter don't have as much weight or muscle to help them create a strong punch, so their punches might not be as hard as someone who is heavier.

However, this doesn't mean that lighter people can't learn to punch harder. By practicing good technique and building up their muscles, they can still throw strong punches. It's just that, in general, people who are heavier have a natural advantage when it comes to punching hard.

i bet you love Rick and Morty too

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Because an individual photolithography machine costs millions of dollars to build.

The first prototype usually costs several times that.

To get smaller features, you have to keep using shorter and shorter wavelengths of light.

The latest machines use ultraviolet light. So, in order to see what's happening, you need UV cameras, and software to convert the images to something the human eye can perceive.

Then, you need to develop techniques that can etch those tiny features; it's roughly analogous to writing with a marker; what works when the letters are 4" tall doesn't work when they're 1/8".

You need ultra pure chemicals in an ultra clean environment. But many of those chemicals require special handling and materials to transport and apply them. Those materials in turn require exotic techniques to make and machine them.

So you might have to become the world expert in welding a particular metal, at incredibly small scale, without contaminating anything.

The world is full of failed attempts at all of these things.

You might spend hundreds of millions of dollars just to fail.

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Because "cancel culture" only exists insofar as the general public stops consuming the content in question.

Some random actor says the N-word in a hateful way: "oh no we need to address this quickly before consumers stop watching our show or network as a whole because we support actors like this." - cancelled

Randy Marsh says the N-word: "oh hey look at that, this is one of the most watched episodes of all time and we have no financial reason to address this in any way." - not cancelled.

I know it'll sound sarcastic, but it's a good illustration of the point:

Go build a racecar, personally, right now. No, you can't practice making a simpler one first. Straight to trophy winning.

Well, what's the problem? Racecars already exist, so it's not even like you need to develop new technologies. Go, do it. Then also make a profit, because no one's giving you free money here. Chop chop.

In this analogy, the only difference between you and them is that the current chip makers know how to make a moped.

Making stuff from scratch isn't easy, and these guys are working literally at the edge of what's physically possible. It's not even completely sure if you can go even smaller than currently available.

For comparison, you can't make a 0.01 nm chip because that's less than half the size of a hydrogen atom.

And to even do the current work, you need to come up with and build whole new tools and machines, which cost billions, because they're literally manipulating atoms at this point.

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It isn't just about calculations, because even if calculated to a tee, is not a guarantee it will work because you are pushing boundaries on what is possible or what we know is possible. So there will be unknowns throughout. There is no guarantee that your calculations will translate 100% to reality. That in itself should kinda explain the risk imo. You simply cannot guarantee based on calculations alone that something boundarie pushing will work in reality even though the math worked out perfectly.

It’s not necessarily that it’s processed sugar but it’s the added sugar that’s bad for you. You end up consuming a lot of sugar when you eat processed foods and other sweets because they are made with a lot of added sugar to make it taste sweet. It’s all about quantity of sugar mostly

In the 1960s, Ampex developed 16 and 24 track 2" wide tape recorders that revolutionized the recording industry. They go back to those recordings to do the remaster.

Grain contains starch, protein and a little oil. Grass contains mostly cellulose and a mix of many substances like for example sugars. They are indeed different from another.

You have MILLIONS of transistors in there, and they're applied with a process that's like photography. So you're asking them to go to the biggest zoom possible, right away. But unfortunately, every time you zoom a little bit more, you could have more errors. 1% errors means 10,000 transistors are bad, and that means that chip is shot, no good at all. Your computer could go haywire if maybe even a single transistor is bad, the error allowances are extremely small.

So if you look at it historically, look at what happened when they sent up the space telescopes. They had issues with the Hubble lens (zooming). Every time you step up in technology, there are errors that have to be worked out. Errors that could destroy your entire set of chips, resulting in billions of dollars in costs.

Sugar is sugar, regardless of processing (for example, if you have diabetes, you might be able to eat a piece of chocolate but not an apple, depending on the sugar content of both).

However, added sugar is generally not necessary for survival and adds calories that are just pure sugar, which do not come with that many other benefits.

You must watch Fox News

Because there are parts to the situation where you calculate it out, and it might work, but then you go to build your fabrication machines, and nothing you do gives you the precision necessary to make the transistors that small.

And now you've just put 3 years of intense engineering and money into a product that doesn't even make it to market.

Police can always arrest and detain you if they believe you committed a crime. There is a limit on how long they can hold you this way without an arrest warrant from a judge, though. They have to arraign you as soon as possible in that scenario. Which is why you really don't want to get picked up on a Friday because you coukd end up sitting in a holding cell until Monday and if the holding cells fill up they can book you into jail until your arraignment. Then, even if they take you to court Monday morning, you might sit there all day only for them to never make it to your docket and send you back to where they were holding you until the next day.

People with money and good lawyers will get their docket bumped up the line or even work deals with a judge after hours to get you released on bail or on your own recognizance until your arraignment.

A judge can issue an arrest warrant on their own, but when a grand jury is convened and issues an indictment, the judge presiding over the grand jury will ALWAYS issue an arrest warrant.

I am not a lawyer. This is all information I've picked up from watching police procedurals, true crime and forensic shows/documentaries, and reading about the prison industrial complex.

That was really interesting, thanks.

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What prevents them from doing that in theory and then doing a trial production? How would it fail in reality if it all would be calculated in advance to the tee? In other words, why and how is it a risk?

Any sample that is truly taken at random is representative. The question is how narrow of a confidence interval you're looking for. At a sample size of 500, your 95% confidence interval for the proportion of people who answer "yes" to a question can span up to ~10%. If that's good enough for you then there's nothing wrong with that sample size.

Because what is possible isn’t known until someone tries it. If you invest a ton of money to make the equipment and materials to make a 0.01nm chip and fail, you’re out a lot of money and time, which puts you well behind your competitors.