Nitrogen atoms really, really like to be stuck to one other Nitrogen atom. So much so that it is very difficult to get atmospheric nitrogen (which is 2 nitrogen atoms stuck together) to do anything else, like form an amino acid.

Some plants pull it off by making friends with specific soil bacteria that can break apart Nitrogen-Nitrogen bonds.

No. It is perfectly legal to carry working chainsaws in the street if you have a legal reason to do so. There is no requirement to dissassemble it for transport or carry it in different parts and so on. That would be unfair to any arborers, construction workers or chainsaw shops. Similarly it is cruel to animals to force them to wear a muzzle preventing them from opening their jaws.

Men doing stupid things that might get them killed seems a pretty universal part of the human condition.

What law? There are laws to prevent you from slicing people up on the street. But walking down the street with a chainsaw? I need to see the proof on that one.

Helsinki airport has been making lots of renovations, and some of the new sections of the airport are just horrible. Tiny little hallways with short ceilings. It feels like an old middle school instead of a new airport. If there’s more than 3 people in line at any of the shops, then they’re blocking the walking paths for people trying to get to their gates.

For a city that’s planned pretty well, the designers really dropped the ball on the airport

> And if it was actually dangerous, why did they participate?

I dunno where in the world you are but in the US there is this massive sport called football that permanently injures thousands of children who play, and the best case scenario for most players is massive, permanent brain damage. xD

So. It's not that strange for people to play dangerous sports.

>Professional football players and boxers have a 100% chance of suffering traumatic brain injury during their careers (literally--a study of the brains of deceased football players showed that all of them had CTE).

We really can't consider this proven. (Admittedly this is a technical quibble.) The players who were studied had some reason to fear they they had CTE. The NFL has done a pretty remarkable job of deflecting both science and common sense from this issue. (Although it's common sense from their point of view to emulate the tobacco companies and try to avoid paying damages to the people they've injured. They apparently didn't look at the end game in the tobacco case.)

It's also hard, looking at the chain of causality, to figure out how the chance might be less than 100%. But we really haven't showed empirically, yet, that the probability is 100%.

I've petted many a pitbull, and they are some of the sweetest dogs I've ever met. But then again, the owners are decent people that show love and affection to their pets. Muzzling dogs just because you are afraid of a 0.001% chance is going to bite you, is animal abuse IMO.

A) I do t know the relation to the death rate, but before the decline, the birth rate was very clearly higher than the death rate. If the 20% decline caused it to equal or drop below the death rate, then see B). But if the birth rate got closer to the death rate, yet is still higher, then population will continue to increase. However, it will increase at a slower rate.

B) any decrease in population is unlikely to be felt until 18-25 years later. Until then, those children are still mostly just following their parents around or perhaps are in college which is almost like its own little contained ecosystem. You are unlikely to feel like they are making things more crowded. During that 10-25 years, there are children born during the faster birth rate time who are becoming adults and entering the world, making it seem more crowded.

C) I would be very doubtful of any study that asks people if it "seems more crowded" right now for several reasons. Mostly, we just got out of a global pandemic that held our country in grip for nearly 2 years. Maybe you weren't isolating, but a huge percent of the population were. So you are definitely experiencing a surge in people going out in public. You may think it seems more crowded than before the pandemic, but it's so hard to overcome implicit bias in the way we perceive the world. That's why rigorously controlled studies are required. We need to know how many people trafficked a certain area in. A certain time 3 years ago, and we need to average over several days of the week because their schedules and hobbies and reasons for going outside are not only dependent on that, but may have changed in the last 3 years. We should probably even consider time of year. We went into the pandemic during winter, and really this spring and summer was when the majority of people I knew started going back to life as it was before (more or less). So the study should either average across multiple times throughout the year, or track month, temperature, weather, and all factors to make sure they aren't affecting the number of people that are out and about. Your brain does not do any of this automatically. I am highly suspicious that your anecdotal evidence actually implies things are more crowded. In fact, I even sorta agree with you, I never seemed to have to wait for the self-checkout at Walmart but maybe 2 or 3 times a year at the worst. Now it seems like I'm waiting more often than not. I thought that was weird until I realized I also just moved from a city of 75k to over 400k. Maybe waiting is more common here. Maybe people are less likely to choose the person operated checkout because they're so use to isolating, they're not used to interacting. Maybe Walmart has fewer people on duty to checkout either due to the pandemic itself or to keep pace with consumers, but they haven't yet bounced back fully. There are so many variables.

I really can't imagine the kind of mindset those guys have to have. I mean like... that is actively seeking out death and getting a glimpse of it at every damn corner.

(fair warning this might be a generalization and varies based on location)

unless there is a reason for it, muzzling a dog just for being a specific breed is not a good precedent(and muzzling based on this alone is animal abuse), and while some places enforce it( a lot of actually) it tend to not be mandatory or at worst fine worthy, under the knowledge that the owner is legally liable for anything that happens.

wanna not have to muzzle dogs at all? Train them properly, a pitbull can be incredibly tame...if the owner isnt encouraging them to be agressive or is actively abusing them, but at the end of the day a dog is gonna go dog if provoked hard enough(and its not gonna be the animal's fault).

you should honestly be more scared of the smaller breeds of dogs since on their cases its been normalized to encourage shtty behaviour pattenrs(that make them incredibly anxious and skittish) that makes them a bigger danger of attack.

There are laws preventing you from carrying a working chainsaw in the streets, though.

Nitrogen in the air is like a product packed in way too sturdy plastic (you probably know what I mean). It's technically there, but you can't use it without a tool. Some bacteria have scissors. They can open the packaging and make it useful - to them, and also to others afterwards.

Nitrogen usually forms three bonds. As gas, all three bonds are formed with another nitrogen atom. That's a very sturdy connection that is difficult to break apart. Plants don't have the tools for that. Some bacteria do, and they use the nitrogen to make other molecules where the nitrogen is bound to three different atoms. That's much more accessible, now you only need to break one bond at a time. Fertilizer has nitrogen in more accessible form, too.

Oxygen and CO2 are much easier to break apart.

The process you are talking about is called nitrogen fixation. It is done by the nitrogenase enzyme. Plants do not have this enzyme but live in symbiose with bacteria living on the roots and in the soil which does the nitrogen fixation. So there is normally no need for plants to do this themselves.

The problem is that nitrogen fixation takes a lot of energy. Unlike carbon dioxide the dinitrogen in the air require much more energy to break the bonds. So nitrogen fixating bacteria consume a lot of energy, much more then the leaf cells on a plant generate from the sun. These bacteria get their energy mostly from sugars released by the plants through their roots. When the plants lack nitrogen compounds they release their sugar straight into the soil and the nitrogen fixating bacteria use this sugar to make amonia and other nitrogen fertilizers. Nematodes and amoeba will then eat the bacteria and release any excess nitrogen compounds which the plants then absorb through their roots.

However by making nitrogen fertilizers from energy rich natural gas or electricity we are essentially doing the bacterias jobs for them. By adding this nitrogen to the soil the plants are never low on nitrogen and therefore does not release sugar into the soil and the nitrogen fixating bacteria dies out. This of course means that the plants are able to use the sugars themselves to grow faster and larger.

This bad behavior associated with pitbulls is because they are trained and illegally fought by bad people. Any dog will bite depending on the circumstances

Thanks for explaining, I do see your point now!

The core of the issue is that it take a lot of energy to convert N2 (atmospheric nitrogen) into Nitrate (NO3^- ), and is difficult for a plant or animal to do in their cells.

To illustrate the energy intensity of the process, AFAIK, the main mechanism for N2 to get converted to NO3^- is lightning strikes.

It is animal abuse to force muzzles on every dog of a certain breed because some people are afraid. You also can't force shoes on every cat, handcuffs on every human or padding on horseshoes.

I need some clarification on your question...

Are you suggesting that pitbulls, regardless of temperament, should wear a muzzle at all times?

If the answer to the above is yes, then that would be cruel and probably considered abuse.

I feel like this has been said a thousand times, it's not the breed of dog that is the issue. It is how they are trained. Evey dog has teeth should we muzzle all dogs?

any dog can bite. From the s,ablest to the biggest.

It’s more to do with the socialisation and training a dog gets. Pit bulls are loved for dog fighting this is where they are trained to fight and are treated horribly.

The nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond is one of the Most stabile Bonds

Which translates to nitrogen beeing very unreactive, its Just difficult to turn it into anything but its diatonic Form, that it is in in air

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Plus if you live in city it feels much worse than it actually is. Take a drive through the dakotas and you’ll see just how much of nothing there is

This is the guy who built Ted moseby??!