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Basically, any energy has to go somewhere. If you hit a billiard ball into another, the second ball will travel away from the first, and the total energy after the hit will be about the same as before (minus friction and other losses). Pushing someone forward will tend to push you backward, etc.

If you thinking of one of those swinging ball toys, Newton’s Cradle, this law is what you see when you pull back one ball and let it go. The action (one ball swinging into the group) has an equal and opposite reaction (one ball swinging out of the group). Pull back two balls and let them go, and now two balls swing out the other side.

Hope that helps.

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In the same essence, the Mall of America in Minneapolis doesn't have a central heating system. It uses the heat generated by the persons inside to heat it. Not only is it huge, but it gets mighty chilly in Minnesota in the winter. Mighty cold!

Many plants are able to access atmospheric nitrogen indirectly through symbiosis with bacteria in their roots, for example the common clover. These plants are often referred to as 'nitrogen fixers".

I suspect they're referring to the heat of vaporization of water in the food. It takes a lot of energy to evaporate water. Now, this energy isn't "lost", but it does affect how much temperature rise you will observe.

When burning food samples to determine their caloric content, you'd normally carefully dry the food to avoid this effect.

It means: if I push against you, you are also pushing against me. A book on a table is held up by the table, and so it must also push down on the table. If a bullet is pushed forward by a gun then the gun must also be pushed back, which we call recoil.

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When electing representatives, we often divide cities/states into parts and let each of them elect their own representative. This seems reasonable at first look, but raises the question of who decides where the divides are.

Gerrymandering is when the lines are drawn intentionally to give a certain political faction an advantage.

For example, let's say you have a city of 21 people, and we need 3 representatives. If 8 of them want to vote for A, and 13 want to vote for B, one would expect a 1/2 divide in favor of B.

You could, however, rig the field. If you split the 21 into groups so that it's 4a/3b, 4a/3b, 0a/7b, you can get A more representatives than B. This is gerrymandering.

1.5°C is the average across the entire globe, but because of the way global warming influences the climate, this will result in much more extreme temperature variations on a local level.

For a somewhat hyperbolic example, imagine that wherever you live ranges between 60-80°F on an average year, the average temperature then would be ~70°F. If the temperature range were to change to 22-120°F due to climate change, then the average temperature would only be one degree higher but temperatures on any given day could be unbearably hot or cold.

Indeed

I understand that matter cannot b created or destroyed. I’m just wondering if it’s just that simple? Like the term “by burning the food, some of the energy from the food particles was lost by burning the food, and turning to gas, affecting the weight of the food “

Ah the biographical documentary about the life and times of Sir Ulrich Von Liechtenstein.

Lets say you have 100 people and 10 seats for government and your electorate is 60% blue and 40% red. If the elections are representative, your government would be 60% blue and 40% red. But if red gets to choose who votes for who, they can have 3 seats with nothing but blue voters. That leaves 7 seats open and 70 voters, each of those seats are now voted for by the remaining 40% red and 30% blue. Red wins all those 7 seats, giving them a 7-3 supermajority instead of the 4-6 minority that proper representation would call for.

I just don't know how they ride bikes with their massive balls in the way

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Ludicrous speed, go!

Just to add to this, it’s normal for the polar ice caps or glaciers to go through melting and freezing phases. A slight increase in temperature means the melting is longer and the re-freezing is shorter so the balance is thrown off and hence the melting ice caps or disappearing glaciers

I just googled what tow away protection is.

It's far from a standard feature so it's likely rarely an issue. Also, no one would bat an eye at a car alarm going off on a car pulls by a tow truck. Hell, we all tune out car alarms all the time anyway.

Depending on the show, they were colored differently to fit tv formats. Because of the way TVs worked, the brightness and graininess had to be factored into how the pictures looked. Now that we can see them in higher definition the images look saturated with color.

> if a government wants to borrow money it issues bonds at a fixed interest rate

Government bond interest rates are not fixed. They are set at auction.

Government: Here's an IOU. It says "I pay you $100 in yearly installments over the next 20 years -- US government" and this crowd of bidders has assembled to buy it today.

Auctioneer: Do I hear $50? $70 from the man in the red shirt. Okay, I hear $75 from the woman from BigCapital Megafund. JP Morgan, with your hand in the air, $80. Last National Bank, $86. $86 from Last National, any other bids? Going once...Going twice...SOLD to Last National Bank."

Then Last National Bank pays the government $86 when the auction ends. According to the IOU, the government pays Last National Bank $5 a year for the next 20 years.

Except the auction process isn't a live auction, it's done by everyone sending their bids to a government computer system that can handle thousands of bidders. After the deadline for submitting bids, the computer calculates the auction results.

Assuming this statement is true (do you have a source) there’s multiple things going on here.

1. A decline in the birth rate does not necessarily mean a decreasing population.

First population change is given by:

Total population - deaths + births.

As long as births > deaths your population will grow.

For example, let’s say in 2020 you had a population of 1,000, a death rate of 10% and a birth rate of 20%. That would give you:

1,000 - 100 + 200 = 1,100 people. A growing population.

Let’s look at the next year. For simplicity sake 100 people moved away so our population is back to 1,000. Death rate stays the same, 10%, but birth rate declined from 20% to 16% (a 20% decrease).

Your population equation is:

1,000 - 100 + 160 = 1,060.

Not growing as fast but still growing.

2. Even if you had an overall declining population, that doesn’t mean the decline is the same everywhere. Some areas could be declining more quickly while others are declining more slowly or even increasing.

3. People move. Even an overall declining population doesn’t mean a particular area will become less crowded if more people are moving there.

4. It takes time for changes in population growth rates to be felt. Especially if there isn’t a consistent change over time. If that 20% decline is replaced in a few years by 20% increase you’ll see things even out over time. Aside from your kids class being more or less crowded for a few years you might not notice the change at all.

Just to add to this, when you hear people talking about "energy loss", what they are actually talking about is the loss of useful energy.

With the burning stuff as an example they might be talking about the amount of energy "lost" by making light when what they wanted was just heat.