Recent comments in /f/explainlikeimfive

ionhrn t1_ixuz4tp wrote

You’re not physically consuming data. You’re thinking of it in the way people "consume" media. If you watch YouTube videos, data is sent to your device and is interpreted. It’s stored temporarily and will not be consumed in any way. Data stored on your hard drive uses magnetism to alter the surface of plates coated in a special material. Then an arm reads the surface of those plates, which also spins, and interprets that data to binary, so that it can be used by other hardware components.

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ViskerRatio t1_ixuya3d wrote

As you're using it, the term 'data' is referring to the maximum amount of information that can fit in the communications channel you're using.

Your personal data is largely limited by the fact that you're sharing that channel with many other people and your provider is only giving you a certain share of the maximum.

In terms of 'consuming', it would perhaps be better to say 'using'. If I run a bowling alley, I only have a limited number of shoes to rent and I only permit each customer to rent one pair of shoes. This limits the maximum number of customers I can have at one time, but I don't 'consume' the shoes - each customer returns the shoes after they're done.

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MountNevermind t1_ixuxo0l wrote

Their eyes need a certain amount of time to fix on an object while they are moving. That bob is the only means they have to get a fix on something for the 20 milliseconds or so it takes since their eyes don't move like ours do. With the visual information they get by doing this over and over, their brain can put together a view of the world on the ground that is steady and makes sense for them.

Brains, be they pigeon or human, form a visual awareness by selectively picking and choosing from all the information that comes from the eyes and even filling in the gaps with "guesses" and reducing visually confusing things like the effects of eye/head motion. It's not like a monitor hooked up to a raw camera feed that shows everything, including the movement involved when the camera moves around. The birds likely don't "notice" the movement visually too much.

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ImAScientistToo t1_ixuvcvz wrote

Keto or ketosis is the metabolic state your body is in when you are turning fat into ketones to fuel your body. Your body can handle this and clear all the waste products associated with it. Ketoacidosis is ketosis in overdrive to the point that your body can’t handle the waste products associated with it and is a medical emergency that requires medical intervention. It’s usually seen in uncontrolled diabetes. Acidosis has to do with your body’s natural pH level which usually rung from 7.35-7.45. Acidosis starts when your body’s pH is less than 7.35 and can be metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis depending on the cause. Metabolic acidosis is caused by the kidney not producing enough sodium bicarbonate (NaCHO3). It’s a metabolic process. I’m this case the lungs will compensate and blow off more CO2. When it brings your pH back to normal range it’s called compensated metabolic acidosis.

I’ll update this more in a little bit. I have a patient to go see.

Respiratory acidosis happens when the lungs don’t blow off enough CO2. This happens during respiratory failure and has many causes ranging from infection to chemical exposure. As CO2 builds up in the blood the ph lowers. The kidneys will compensate be making more sodium bicarbonate (NaCHO3). When the ph returns to a normal level we call it compensated respiratory acidosis.

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Exciting_Telephone65 t1_ixut6s4 wrote

Don't know if they put radioactive waste or something in ORT where you live. Effervescent tablets are available literally everywhere and are recommended by absolutely every doctor, nurse, pharmacy and medical institution especially in hot weather. The only people who maybe should avoid them are kidney patients on low sodium diets and they will be specifically told so by their doctors.

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Gnonthgol t1_ixusdhq wrote

The rabies vaccine is one of the worst vaccines we have. It have a lot of bad side effects and does not even give protection for long. So a general vaccination against rabies will cause more harm then good. And rabies have an almost 100% fatality rate after the first symptom. So if you are unable to diagnose rabies before the first symptom or at least not start treatment then you are most likely dead.

The good thing is that rabies have almost been exterminated. It is confined to only some outbreaks in the world. And we do use vaccines heavily in these areas, mostly on animals. This means that only a handful of people get rabies a year in the entire world.

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Fluffy-Jackfruit-930 t1_ixus65r wrote

It's an excellent format in many ways, but had a number of problems.

The technology it used (wavelet transform) was new and dozens of new start up companies were out there patenting everything wavelet related they could think of. Lawyers were concerned that JPEG-2000 was potentially impacted by a ton of patents. As a result, very little software supported it, and that which did was typically highly priced professional software, with JPEG-2000 support as an additional expensive option.

The wavelet transform is substantially more complex than the discrete cosine transform used in JPEG 1. Saving and opening files can be dramatically slower. High resolution files which would take 1 second to display in JPEG 1, could take minutes with JPEG 2000 on a similar year 2000 CPU.

The new features JPEG2000 offered (lossless compression, less visible lossy compression artefacts, HDR, imaging tiling, hyperspectral imaging and 3D) were of limited interest to most users at the time and did not outweigh the cost and CPU requirements, and even today, many of the features are still niche.

Some industries did use JPEG2000, mainly the medical and scientific (e.g. satellite imaging) communities, because of it's advantages and the fact that the had a clear need for the features, could mitigate the disadvantages and were prepared to pay. For example, in medical imaging JPEG2000 was typically used for transfer of images on CD/DVD or over a slow WAN network connection. If it took 10 minutes to compress the images before burning to a CD, and it allowed only 1 disc to be burned instead of 2, that was a big advantage.

The patent issue has been a recurring problem. For example JPEG 1 is generally thought of as being always lossy. There is, in fact, a lossless mode - but at the time JPEG 1 launched, the technology it used (arithmetic coding) was heavily patented, and most companies developing JPEG software stayed far away from the lossless mode. Lossless JPEG 1 is a very niche file format - mainly only used for medical image transfer - with almost no software able to open it.

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